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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Strength Properties
Substitutes
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
| |
Synonyms
Myristica kombo, Myristica ngolensis, Pycnanthus kombo, Pycnanthus microcephalus, Pycnanthus schweinfurtnii
Common Names
Abora, Adre, Adria, African nutmeg, Akomu, Anakue, Antenli, Anwor, Atenli, Bakondo, Bali, Bassa, Bemba, Bokondo, Bokongo, Bosambe, Bosenga, Boxboard, Boyei, Calabo, Cardboard, Cardwood, Dean, Denke, Diehn, Dihin, Dihn, Edna, Edua, Effoi, Ekom, Entro, Escamba, Etama, Etan, Etang, Eteng, Etienh, Etsi, Etsiw, Etsu, Gboyei, Hetere, Ilomba, Kiang, Kombo, Komo, Kpokogi, Kpoyei, Kpoyej, Kuurul, Lamba, Lifondo, Llombo, Lolako, Lomba, Lunaba, Lusenga, Moghan, Moulomba, Mukagato, Mulomba, Munaba, Muno, Mutuje, N'kombo, N'laomba, Nesamba, Netere, Ngitsa, Ngosame, Nigerian boxwood, Obala, Omachan, Ongano, Ote, Oti, Otie, Oualele, Pitchong, Pomponi, Pycnanthus, Qualele, Senga, Tamarkwa, Teke, Ten, Teng, Tian, Tidea, Tika, Tshilombe, Tshimbbuku, Walehe, Walele, Walfle, Whismore, White cedar
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda
Common Uses
Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Millwork, Model airplanes, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Stools, Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting, Wardrobes
Environmental Profile
| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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| Abundant |
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Rather secure within its natural growth range in Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, and Uganda. Its status in the wild in Angola, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Sao Tome, Sierra Leone, and Togo is currently listed as unknown because of insufficient information
Distribution Overview
The natural range of the species extends from Guinea to Uganda and Angola in Africa. It grows in lowland forests, and is especially abundant in secondary forests.
Heartwood Color
| Yellow |
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| Red |
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| Brown |
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| Orange |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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| White to cream |
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| Brown |
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| Pale brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| White or pale gray when freshly cut |
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| Seasons to pink-brown |
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| Gray or violet shades may be present |
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Both heartwood and sapwood are rather plain grayish-white to pinkish-brown, occasionally with yellowish or mauve markings
Sapwood Color
| Red |
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| Yellow |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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| Pinkish |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Weak (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Weak figure |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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| Distinct figure |
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Quartersawn surfaces are reported to exhibit a mottled figure.
Texture
| Fine |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Even textured |
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Moderately coarse to medium
Luster
| Lustrous |
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| Dull |
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| Non-lustrous |
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Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present |
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| Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact |
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| Susceptible to termite attack |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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Rapid extraction of logs after felling is recommended to avoid degrade due to attack by insects and fungi.
Odor
Freshly-Milled wood has unpleasant odor which disappears upon drying
Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Dry at a slow speed |
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| US=T3-C2/T3-C1 |
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| UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 |
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| UK=C |
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Drying Defects
| Severe end splitting |
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| Severe collapse and honeycomb |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Moderate end spitting |
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| Moderate cupping |
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| Severe cupping |
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| No twisting or warping |
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| High tendency for wood to split and distort |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Difficult |
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| Easy |
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| Thicker stock is difficult to dry |
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| Requires careful drying |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber which is exported frequently.
Substitutes
Onzabili (Antrocaryon klaineanum and A. micraster) is a plywood substitute.
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
The wood may split under frost conditions
Blunting Effect
| Slight bluting effect on cutting tools |
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Boring
Carving
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Quickly |
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| Easy to saw |
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Gluing
| Good properties |
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| Easy to glue |
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Mortising
| Easy to mortise |
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| Responds well to machine tools in mortising operations |
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Moulding
| Easy to mould |
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| Good moulding properties |
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Movement in Service
Nailing
| Easy to nail |
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| Holds nails well |
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| Good nailing properties |
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Planing
| Easy to plane |
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| Good planing properties |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood is permeable |
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| Permeable |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Works readily with hand tools |
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| Slight blunting effect on cutting edges |
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Routing & Recessing
| Mortises readily to yield clean surfaces |
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Sanding
| Easy to sand |
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| Good sanding finish |
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| Good characteristics |
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Screwing
| Screwing yields good results |
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| Good screwing properties |
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| Good screw holding properties |
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| Easy to screw |
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Turning
| Responds well to ordinary machine tools in moulding operations |
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Veneering Qualities
| Easy to cut |
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| No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Good gluing qualities |
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Painting
Polishing
| Satisfactory results |
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| Poor results |
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| Good results |
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| Well defined |
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Staining
| Reacts with Iron to discolour wood |
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| Finish is generally good |
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Varnishing
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Weight = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Density = medium |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = very low |
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| Air-Dried condition about 12% moisture content |
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Bending strength is lower than Mahogany, and much lower than White oak.
It is weaker than Mahogany or Teak
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 6933 | 10474 | psi |
| Density | | 30 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 749 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3394 | 5626 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1214 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1196 | 1328 | 1000 psi |
| Specific Gravity | 0.39 | | |
| Weight | 36 | 30 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 487 | 736 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 480 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 339 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 238 | 395 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 85 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 84 | 93 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.39 | | |
| Weight | 576 | 480 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
References
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