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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Sapium baccatum Trade Name Adamsali Family Name Euphorbiaceae Synonyms Carumbium baccatum, Excoecaria baccata Common Names Adamsali, Banai, Bedi, Billa, Boedi, Kadat, Kayu nilus, Kradard, Lal kainjal, Larrna, Lelun, Ludahi, Ludai, Ludai pelandok, Mamas-mamas pelandok, Mayang, Memaya, Pudlikat, Rulus Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, China, India, Malaysia Common Uses Boxes and crates, Light construction, Plywood Heartwood Color Brown Purple Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Sapwood Color White Pink Yellow Grain Even Closed Interlocked Straight Wavy Wavy Straight Interlocked Texture Fine Medium to coarse Luster Medium Natural Durability Very durable Durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Heartwood susceptible to attack by decay fungi Non durable Perishable Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Checking Distortion Slight spring/bow Moderate spring/bow Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is slight Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Planing Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Max. crushing strength = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric=very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 25 lbs/ft3 Hardness 319 lbs Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 5570 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 25 21 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 400 kg/m3 Hardness 144 kg Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 233 391 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 400 336 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia