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Boring
Carving
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Grain
Heartwood Color
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
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Synonyms
Excoecaria insignis
Common Names
Bilodar, Biloja, Curupi, Dudla, Garpa shola, Karalla, Khina, Khinna, Khirni, Lechero, Ledra, Lendura, Lienda, Linda
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Columbia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Venezuela
Common Uses
Boxes and crates, Building materials, Casks, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Furniture , General carpentry, Interior construction, Interior trim, Millwork, Musical instruments: percussion, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood, Rustic furniture, Structural plywood, Tables , Utility furniture, Utility plywood, Veneer
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
The genus Sapium is very well represented throughout tropical America, from Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay and Argentina.
Heartwood Color
| Red |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Whitish, yellowish, or light brown |
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| White to cream |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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Sapwood Color
| Yellow |
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| Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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| Cream colored to light brown or reddish brown, or pale yellow to pale brown |
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Grain
| Straight to slightly interlocked |
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Texture
| Fine |
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| Even or uniform |
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| Medium |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Very durable |
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| Prone to blue stain |
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| Low resistance to attack by dry-wood termites and other insects |
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Odor
| Has a taste |
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| No distinct odor or taste |
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Toxicity
| Some toxic effects |
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| Inner bark contains poisonous latex |
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Drying Defects
| Checking |
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| Distortion |
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| Slight warping and checking during air-season |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Thick Stock Requires Care |
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| Air dries rapidly, with little degrade |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 0-10 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Boles are often well-formed
Boring
| Fairly difficult to very difficult |
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| May occasionally be fuzzy |
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| Easy |
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Carving
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good results |
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Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Saws without difficulty |
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Mortising
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Surfaces may be fuzzy |
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| Generally mortises well |
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| Bores readily with ordinary tools, with very good results |
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Moulding
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Material responds well to moulding operations |
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Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Surfaces are generally smooth, but may be occasionally fuzzy |
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| Easy to work in planning and almost all machine operations |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood and sapwood have more than adequate absorption and retention |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Responds well to hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good routing qualities |
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Sanding
| Difficult to sand (expect < 50 out of 100 good to excellent results) |
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Turning
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Yields fairly smooth surfaces |
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| Easy turning operations |
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Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Strength Properties
| Weight=High |
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| Surfaces may dent easily |
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| Soft |
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| Mars easilt |
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| Does not wear well |
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| Density=High |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12%moisture content)is high-comparable to Teak |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9361 | 11167 | psi |
| Density | | 31 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 686 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3136 | 5998 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1851 | 1872 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 82 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | 0.46 | | |
| Weight | 30 | 21 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 658 | 785 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 496 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 311 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 220 | 421 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 130 | 131 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 94 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.46 | | |
| Weight | 480 | 336 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
References
Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London
Record, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT.
Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia
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