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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Scorodocarpus borneensis Trade Name Kulim Family Name Olacaceae Common Names Ansam, Bawang, Bawang hutan, Bawang utan, Buwanghutan, Cepeluk, Forest garlic, Jaui, Kasino, Kayu bawang, Kudar, Kudur, Kulim, Kulium, Madudu, Marsindu, Merca, Rengon, Sedau, Selaru, Seluru, Sinduk, Sinoh, Terdu, Ungsanah Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shipbuilding, Sills, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Windows Environmental Profile Secure within most of its natural growth range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Secure, including some regions in Malaysia Distribution Overview This species occurs throughout the lowland forests in Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. It is described as occasionally gregarious. Heartwood Color Brown White Pink Purple Dark brown Reddish brown Brown, red, dark reddish brown with nearly black stripes after prolonged exposure Silver flecks Greenish to greyish Darkens after prolonged exposure Dark red brown to purple brown Brown There may be a red-brown intermediate zone between heartwood and sapwood Sapwood Color Brown Yellow Pink White to yellow Pinkish Well defined Paler than heartwood Light yellow and may have a transitional red-brown region Grain Figure Interlocked Stripe (figure) Even Closed Wavy Other (figure) Straight Interlocked Striped figure Wavy Straight Shallowly to deeply interlocked Other figure Texture Coarse Fine to medium Fine Moderately fine Medium Luster Dull Slightly lustrous Lustrous Low Natural Growth Defects Yellowish deposits in vessels Whitish deposits in vessels Latex or other ducts Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from marine borers Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Very durable Durable Susceptible to attack by forest longhorn beetle Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Non durable Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Moderately resistant to decay Moderately resistant to attack by termites Good resistance to marine borer attack Fairly durable under cover Odor Strong garlic smell when freshly-cut, and peppery smell after it dries No specific taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Distortion Severe end splitting Moderate end spitting No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Moderate surface checking Generally free from spring and bow Common drying degrade is large radial splits Ease of Drying Thick Stock Requires Care Rapidly Fairly Easy Easy Air dries fairly rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is rapid, typically from less than 10 days for a board under 32 mm, to less than 30 days for a board 63 mm and thicker. Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Blunting Effect Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Easy Moderately easy Difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Responds readily to carving operations Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Fairly easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Good gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Finishes well Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Possible if prebored Nails hold poorly Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Ease of planing is moderate Works without too much difficulty in planing, moulding, boring, turning and most operations Quality of worked surfaces depend upon degree of grain interlocking Easy to plane Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is fairly resistant to termites and other insects Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to machine Stock without deeply interlocked grain is fairly easy to work Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Good sanding finish Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turns with moderate ease Poor results Finish is generally satisfactory Easy to turn Good results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Diifficult to veneer Steam Bending Tends to Degrade Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Poor results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high