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Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
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Synonyms
Conocarpus acuminata
Common Names
Bucha karam, Chakwa, Gara hesel, Ghor dhok, Hpunsha, Mai-ho, Mai-pi, Numma, Nunnera, Pachi manu, Panchi, Panchman, Pandri, Pansi, Pars, Parsia, Pashi, Pasi, Paunchinan, Phas, Phassi, Sehoong, Thekri napay, Yhordhok, Yon, Yung
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Burma, India, Thailand, Vietnam
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Hockey sticks, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles
Distribution Overview
Assam; Northern Myanmar; South China; Thailand; Peninsula Malaysia; Celebes; Ceram; Amboina; Bitchian; Sarawak; Philippines; Taiwan; Ryukyu, Indonesia; New Guinea; Singapore; Hong Kong; Hainan Island; Loas; East Paskitan
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Black |
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| Dark brown |
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| Brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Different than heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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Grain
| Interlocked |
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| Even |
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| Straight |
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Texture
| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Fine to medium |
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Natural Durability
| Durable |
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| Perishable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non durable |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to wood staining fungal attack |
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Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| Checking |
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| Splitting |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Moderate end spitting |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Difficult |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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Resistance to Splitting
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = small |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 10732 | 16695 | psi |
| Density | | 54 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 2152 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 64 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6899 | 9945 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2205 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1563 | 1804 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 53 | 43 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 754 | 1173 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 865 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 976 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 162 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 485 | 699 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 155 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 109 | 126 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 849 | 689 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Das, N.R., et al,1965,Data on the Natural Durability of Timber Species,Journal of Timber Development Assoc. of India,11(2,pp6-12
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42
Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Negi, G.S., Bhatia, D.N.,1958,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods tested at F.R.I. Report No.10,Indian Forest Records (N.S.) Timber Mechanics,1(11,pp171-18
Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols
Ramesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun India
Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3
Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24
Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6
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