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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Natural Durability Numerical Data References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Anogeissus acuminata Trade Name Bucha karam Family Name Combretaceae Synonyms Conocarpus acuminata Common Names Bucha karam, Chakwa, Gara hesel, Ghor dhok, Hpunsha, Mai-ho, Mai-pi, Numma, Nunnera, Pachi manu, Panchi, Panchman, Pandri, Pansi, Pars, Parsia, Pashi, Pasi, Paunchinan, Phas, Phassi, Sehoong, Thekri napay, Yhordhok, Yon, Yung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Hockey sticks, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles Distribution Overview Assam; Northern Myanmar; South China; Thailand; Peninsula Malaysia; Celebes; Ceram; Amboina; Bitchian; Sarawak; Philippines; Taiwan; Ryukyu, Indonesia; New Guinea; Singapore; Hong Kong; Hainan Island; Loas; East Paskitan Heartwood Color Brown Black Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Different than heartwood White to yellow Well defined Grain Interlocked Even Straight Interlocked Straight Texture Medium Fine Medium Fine Fine to medium Natural Durability Durable Perishable Non-durable Moderately durable Non durable Durable Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Kiln Schedules UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10732 16695 psi Density 54 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2152 lbs Impact Strength 64 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1563 1804 1000 psi Weight 53 43 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 754 1173 kg/cm2 Density 865 kg/m3 Hardness 976 kg Impact Strength 162 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 109 126 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 849 689 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Das, N.R., et al,1965,Data on the Natural Durability of Timber Species,Journal of Timber Development Assoc. of India,11(2,pp6-12 Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Negi, G.S., Bhatia, D.N.,1958,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods tested at F.R.I. Report No.10,Indian Forest Records (N.S.) Timber Mechanics,1(11,pp171-18 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun India Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24 Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6