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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resin Content
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Acaiba, Ajuelo, Bala, Caja, Caja mirim, Caja seira, Ciruela, Ciruela amarilla, Ciruela de job, Hobo, Hobu, Hoeboe, Hog plum, Hogplum, Hubu, Jamaica plum, Jobito, Jobo, Jobo blanco, Jobo corronchoso, Marapa, Merida, Mombin, Monbe, Mope, Moppe, Pau da tapera, Plum, Spanish plum, Ubo, Uvos, Wild plum, Yellow mom, Yellow mombin, Yucatan plum
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Common Uses
Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Charcoal, Chests, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Dyewood , Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Medicinal use, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stools, Tannin, Tool handles, Toys, Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Veneer, Wainscotting, Wardrobes
Environmental Profile
| Vulnerable |
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| Abundant/Secure |
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| Rare in some parts of range, but also rather widespread and abundant globally |
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| Data source is Nature Conservancy |
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Distribution Overview
Distributed throughout West Indies (except Bahamas), and from southern Mexico to Peru, Bolivia and Brazil, in part cultivated or naturalized. It is also planted in southern Florida. The tree usually grows along roadsides and fence rows, in pastures and forests in the coastal, moist limestone, and lower mountain regions of Puerto Rico, perhaps naturalized rather than native. also believed to have been introduced into Africa from Central or South America, and is widely cultivated there on farmlands and around towns and villages for its fruits and as a living fence.
Heartwood Color
| Yellow |
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| White |
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| Brown |
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| Orange |
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| Red |
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| Purple |
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| White to cream |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Brown |
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| Small stripes and streaks |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Pale gray to light brown-yellow |
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| Pale brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Red |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| Not differentiated from heartwood |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Weak (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Weak figure |
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| Straight to slightly roey |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium to coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse to medium |
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Luster
| Medium |
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| High |
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| Lustrous |
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| Fairly lustrous |
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Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Perishable |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to termite attack |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Susceptible to attack by marine borers |
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| Susceptible to attack by fresh water borers |
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| Susceptible to attack by blue-stain |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present |
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Logs are liable to stain if left in the forest for too long, and should therefore be removed and treated as soon as possible after felling.
Odor
| No distinct odor or taste |
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Resin Content
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Splitting |
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| Checking |
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| Distortion |
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| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Collapse |
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| Extension of Existing Shakes |
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| Ring Shakes |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Severe collapse and honeycomb |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Air seasoning accompanied by slight checking |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Slowly |
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| Satisfactory drying properties |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Slow |
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| Drying rate is slow |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Sapwood width is 10-15 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 15-20 cm |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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Product Sources
The timber has little commercial value and is exported from the tropics in very small quantities. It is usually priced in the low to medium range when available.
Most of the species in the Spondias genus are cultivated for their edible plum-like fruit.
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
The leaves are used for medicinal purposes.
Tough and strong for its low weight
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Very little blutning effect on tools |
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Boring
| Easy |
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| Difficult |
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| Bored surfaces are usually clean |
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Carving
| Carves well in dry condition |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Low resistance to sawing |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good joining material |
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| Glues well |
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Mortising
| Finishes poorly |
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| Easy to mortise |
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| Easy mortising operations |
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Moulding
| With the exception of a few cases, worked surfaces are clean |
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| Responds well to ordinary tools in mortising |
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| Good finishing results |
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| Easy to mould |
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Movement in Service
| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Holds nails well |
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| Fair nailing and nailholding properties |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Works easily with hand and machine tools in planing and most operations |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Except in a few machining operations, it generally yields smooth, clean surface |
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| Easy to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Moderately resistant to preservative treatment |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
Sanding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Yield clean/smooth surfaces, in most cases |
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| Satisfactory sanding results |
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| Sands readily |
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| Moderate sanding qualities |
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Turning
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor results |
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| Good turning qualities |
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Veneering Qualities
| Veneers easily |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Difficult to veneer |
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| No drying degrade |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Easy to cut |
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| Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Polishes and finishes well |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Weight=Medium |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Not hard |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Dents and marrs easily |
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| Density=Average/Medium |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Bending stength in air-dried condition...is medium |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 6644 | 10800 | psi |
| Density | | 30 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 373 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2598 | 4519 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1009 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1099 | 1251 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 73 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 4 | 6 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.39 | | |
| Weight | 29 | 25 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 467 | 759 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 480 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 169 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 182 | 317 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 70 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 77 | 87 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 84 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.28 | 0.42 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.39 | | |
| Weight | 464 | 400 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
References
Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research
Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Brooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119
Carter, D.T.,1943,The Manufacture of shingles from local woods in Trinidad and Tobago,Caribbean Forester,4(3,pp107-11
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Kline, M. 1986. Spondias mombin - Jobo. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 331.
Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249
Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98
Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad
Record, S.J.,1939,American Woods of the Family Anacardiaceae,Tropical Woods,8(60,pp11-45
Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29
Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187
WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
Williams, L. 1936. Woods of Northeastern Peru. Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Volume XV, Publication 377, Chicago.
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