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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Spondias pinnata Trade Name Adai Family Name Anacardiaceae Synonyms Spondias mangifera Common Names Adai, Adavimamidi, Amara, Amate, Amatum, Amb, Ambada, Ambalam, Ambara, Ambatta, Ambayam, Ambazha, Ambazham, Ambera, Ambeti, Ambi-thong, Ambo, Ambodha, Ambota, Ambri-thong, Amburri, Amna ronchiling, Amor, Ampalam, Ampalla, Amra, Amrataka, Amratenga, Amte, Amti, Amyan, Aravi mamadi, Bohamle, Chiming-arong, Corre, Dergi-asing, Dieng-so-pair-kanthai, Embarella, Gway, Gwe, Gwoddan, Hamara, Heinig, Houchiling, Hpuman makawk, Indian hogplum, Kadambatte, Kat ambolam, Kat maa, Katamba, Katambalam, Kattam-bolam, Kattam-palam, Kattumavu, Kekda, Kolamma, Kondamamidi, Kwak, Kweti, Kyoroe, Leina, Mai-mak, Mai-mak-kauk, Maikawk, Makawk, Makok, Mam pulicchi, Mampuli, Mampulichi, Murthiga, Owebaung, Puli ille, Ronchiling, Suming-arong, Tamzen, Thaisudiphang, Tongrong Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka Common Uses Boxes and crates, Matches, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products Heartwood Color White Brown Red Green/grey Purple Pink White to cream Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Sapwood Color White Red Yellow Same as heartwood Grain Straight Even Figure Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Texture Coarse Medium Coarse Luster Medium Low Dull Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Perishable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Drying Defects Distortion No end splitting Slight twist/warp No twisting or warping Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bark width is 5-10 mm Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bark width is 10-15 mm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as poor General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Little Moderate Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy Difficult to veneer No drying degrade Easy to cut Good gluing qualities Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Density 23 lbs/ft3 Weight 23 20 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Density 368 kg/m3 References Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6