Clicking
any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back
to this top position.
Use the following links to
jump to the associated section in the main data.
Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
| |
Synonyms
Strombosia toroensis, Strombosia scheffleri
Common Names
Afina, Aramemila, Aranmamila, Chiusa, Ifondo, Itako pupa, Kambu kazi, Kambu-kazi, Lieme, Luyusa, Mbangbazoa evele, Mbasa, Msangana, Mtora, Muirosi, Munyakasikuro, Munyankono, Murithi, Musiringu, Mutianzuni, Mutimuiro, Mutimuiru, Mutsahware, Nghila, Omuhika, Poe, Ruiunza, Strombosia, Tshipulupulu, Ubelu, Wofondo
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire
Common Uses
Bearings & bushings, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Model airplanes, Musical instruments, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Purple |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Red |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Black |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Reddish brown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Red |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| White to cream |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pale brown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dark brown |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Black |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sapwood Color
| White |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yellow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Paler than heartwood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Same as heartwood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grain
| Straight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Weak (figure) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Figure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Wavy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Even |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Closed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Straight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Weak figure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Wavy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Texture
| Medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fine to medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Durability
| Very durable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Resistant to termites |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Susceptible to insect attack |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Non durable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Durable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moderately durable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Very durable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Perishable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Light-Induced Color Change
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a slow speed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drying Defects
| Splitting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Checking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Moderate end spitting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moderate cupping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slight twist/warp |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slight spring/bow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No twisting or warping |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moderate twist/warp |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Generally free from spring and bow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ease of Drying
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bole/stem form is misshapen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bole/stem form is straight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tree Size
| Tree height is 0-10 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| High to severe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boring
Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is variable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cutting resistance with dry wood is variable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Easy to glue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortising
Moulding
| Easy to mould |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Good finishing results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movement in Service
Nailing
| Pre-Boring Recommended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Difficult to nail |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Holds nails well |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Possible if prebored |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nails hold poorly |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fair to Good Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Planes well, to a good finish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Easy to plane |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Resistant sapwood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Heartwood is resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sapwood is permeable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heartwood is highly resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sapwood is moderately resistant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heartwood is permeable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Easy to machine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Difficult to machine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Screwing
Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fair to Good Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Good results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Easy to turn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Satisfactory results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Good results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Staining
| Poor to Very Poor Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Varnishing
| Fair to Good Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Satisfactory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Max. crushing strength = high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Max. crushing strength = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bending strength (MOR) = very high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hardness (side grain) = very hard |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 19075 | 27747 | psi |
| Density | | 52 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 2160 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 45 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6220 | 9173 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2722 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1888 | 2183 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 51 | 42 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 1341 | 1950 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 833 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 979 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 114 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 437 | 644 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 191 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 132 | 153 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 817 | 673 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
References
Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London
Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2
Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi
Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda
Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim
Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9
Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data
Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan
Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos
Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5
Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.
Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23
Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.
Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
Tanzania Forest Department,1964,Strombosia scheffleri (msangana,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika
Tanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi
Uganda Forest Department,1954,Munyankono,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No35
Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1
Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
|
|
Search
the web for anything relating to wood and forest products.
|
|
Search
the web for anything relating to wood and forest products.
|
|
