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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Antiaris toxicaria Trade Name Antiaris Family Name Moraceae Common Names Akeche, Ako, Andoum, Antiaris, Bonkonko, Chenchen, Ipoh, Kirundu, Ogiovu, Oro, Tenek, Tsangu, Upas Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, Zaire Common Uses Boxes and crates, Building construction, Construction, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Furniture , Furniture components, Joinery, Light construction, Packing cases, Paneling , Plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Secure in many areas of its range No threat in the near future Distribution Overview Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indomalesia. Also in west and central Africa, specifically Kenya, and generally in wet zones. Heartwood Color Yellow White Grey Yellowish gray Whitish Sapwood Color Yellow White Not distinct from heartwood Usually very wide Grain Even Straight Interlocked Straight to interlocked Texture Coarse Medium Uneven Medium to coarse Luster High Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Very little natural resistance to attack by fungi and other organisms susceptible to sap stain Should be promptly removed and converted or treated with chemicals soon after tree is felled Highly vulnerable to attack by wood destroying insects Odor Has an odor Unpleasant odor which disappears after seasoning Seasoned wood has no distinct taste or odor Kiln Schedules T2-D4(4/4);T2-D3(8/4)Us Schedule A; United Kingdom Drying Defects Discoloration Distortion Natural tendency to stain Kiln-Drying produces better results Highly prone to warp and twist Ease of Drying Rapidly Dries at a fairly rapid rate Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced occasionally and exported in low volumes. Blunting Effect Little Slight dulling effect on cutting tools Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Sharp cutters are required to prevent crumbling Responds readily to sawing Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Small movement in use Dimensionally stable after proper seasoning Nailing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Works rather easily dulling Requires sharp cutting edges to prevent interlocked grain from crumbling and tearing Dresses smoothly Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Responds readily to preservative treatment by either open tank or pressure methods Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair screwing qualities (expect < 70% of screwed pieces to be free from complete splits) Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Suitable for slicing Suitable for paneling and furniture Slices into quartered veneers which usually exhibit an attractive striped figure Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Poor steam bending characteristics Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Stains well Strength Properties Stifness=Very low Soft Shock resistance=very low Medium weight Crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Antiaris is described as a low-grade timber which is similar to Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon ), but is generally considered to be inferior Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4675 7125 psi Hardness 490 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2871 4988 psi Stiffness 794 941 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.35 Weight 25 20. lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 328 500 kg/cm2 Hardness 222 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 201 350 kg/cm2 Stiffness 55 66 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.35 Weight 400 320. kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.