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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Vochysia hondurensis Trade Name Yemeri Family Name Vochysiaceae Common Names Chambo caspi, Corpus, Emeri, Emery, Emory, Flor amarillo, Palo de agua, Palo de chancho, Quaruba, San Juan, White mahogany, White yemeri, Yemeri Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama Common Uses Boxes and crates, Building materials, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Crossties, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Stools, Tables , Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting, Wardrobes Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Various species in the Vochysia genus are widely distributed in tropical America, from southern Mexico to Peru, and are most plentiful in the Guianas and Brazil. They are reported to thrive best on coastal plains and alongside waterways, and are often found in nearly pure stands on abandoned farmlands. Heartwood Color Brown Purple Red Pink Pale red to pink Pale brown Reddish brown Golden brown with a reddish cast Sapwood Color Brown White to yellow Paler than heartwood Different than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Straight Even Stripe (figure) Rays (figure) Weak (figure) Interlocked Straight Striped figure Weak figure Rays figure May be suitable for the manufacture of less expensive grade furniture Texture Fine Medium to coarse Moderately coarse Coarse Luster Medium Lustrous High Golden luster Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart = rare or absent Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack by fungi and termites Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Heartwood resistant to decay Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast T2 - D4 (4/4); T2 - D3 (8/4) US Schedule A (4/4) United Kingdom Drying Defects Moderate twist/warp Slight surface checking Moderate cupping Slight collapse and honeycomb No end splitting No defects are common No defects are common Moderate spring/bow The wood has a high tendency to twist and cup. Some collapse may also occur in thicker stock. Ease of Drying Moderate Dries slowly Dries at a fairly rapid rate Quartersawn material is less prone to drying degrade Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Product Sources The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber for export. Timber produced by species in the genus are used for the same purposes as Qualea timbers, and the two genera are often referred to by the same vernacular name in some localities. Substitutes Spanish cedar Comments Durable and is easier to work, and can be used for utility plywood, drawer bottoms, and panels General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing green wood is mild Slight effect Medium effect Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Moderately easy Bores readily with ordinary machine tools Carving Good results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Good properties Mortising Moderately easy to mortise Good mortising properties Finishes satisfactorily Easy to mortise Moulding Satisfactory moulding results Moulding ease is moderate Good moulding properties Easy to mould Nailing Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is permeable Preservative absorption and retention is more than adequate in both heartwood and sapwood Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Works readily with handtools Variable qualities Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Routing is easy Sanding Satisfactory sanding results Fairly good sanding characteristics Turning Poor results Turns with moderate ease Responds well Steam Bending Poor Painting Responds well to painting Good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Stains well Staining (Characteristic) = non-staining Water-Based stains should be avoided since they tend to raise the grain Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7062 11140 psi Density 32 lbs/ft3 Hardness 686 lbs Impact Strength 20 25 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3085 5055 psi Shearing Strength 1009 psi Stiffness 1054 1248 1000 psi Toughness 133 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 4 8 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.46 0.52 Weight 29 24 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 496 783 kg/cm2 Density 512 kg/m3 Hardness 311 kg Impact Strength 50 63 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 216 355 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 70 kg/cm2 Stiffness 74 87 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 153 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.28 0.56 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.46 0.52 Weight 464 384 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1 Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA., Forest Service, Preliminary Copy, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised Edition. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Davis, E.M.,1949,Exploratory tests in machining and related properties of 15 Tropical,American Hardwoods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,Report,No.1744 HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R. H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. ITTO. 1991. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. Association Internationale Technique des Bois Tropicaux, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125 Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Perpetua Hardwoods. Sea Star Trading Co. - Purveyors of Fine Wood. Newport, Oregon. Personal Communication, 1993. Record, S.J. and R.W. Hess. 1943. Timbers of the New World. Published on the Charles Lathrop Pack Foundation, Yale University Press, New Haven CT. Stevenson, D., Stevenson, N.S.,1925,Some Secondary Timbers of British Honduras,Tropical Woods 1(4) pp 12-16 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series