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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Vochysia tetraphylla Trade Name Cedre gris Family Name Vochysiaceae Common Names Cedre gris, Grignon fou, Iteballi, Kwari, Lorjena, Quaruba, Watrakwari Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela Common Uses Boxes and crates, Canoes, Concrete formwork, Furniture, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Questionable Endangered Heartwood Color Brown Red Purple Black Pale red to pink Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Red Sapwood Color White Yellow Pink Brown Paler than heartwood White to yellow Different than heartwood Grain Straight Figure Interlocked Even Other (figure) Straight Interlocked Other figures are possible or common Texture Medium Fine Uniform Even or uniform Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Coarse Luster Low Pronounced Lustrous Natural Durability Very durable Resistant to termites Resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Moderately durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Durable Odor Has an odor Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Uk=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1 Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Severe twisting/warping Severe surface checking Severe cupping Moderate collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Little degrade Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Medium Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding Fair to Good Results Screwing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor results Veneering Qualities Good gluing qualities Easy to cut Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Bolt preparation requires steaming Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Satisfactory results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory staining qualities Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6911 10833 psi Density 33 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1221 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 32 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 485 761 kg/cm2 Density 528 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 85 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 512 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana Quito Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.