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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Zanthoxylum martinicense Trade Name Ayua Family Name Rutaceae Synonyms Fagara martinicense Common Names Ayua, Ayua amarilla, Ayua macho, Ayua varia, Ayuda, Bayua, Bocsuo, Bois pine, Calabori, Cenizo, Espino, Espino de vinstem, Espino rubial, Espinosa, L'epine gommier, L'epinet, Lagartillo, Lepine jaune, Lepineux jaune, Martinique prickly ash, Martinique prickly-ash, Pino macho, Prickly ash, Prickly yellow, Sauce hediondo, West Indian satinwood, White prickle, White pruickle, Yellow hercules Regions of Distribution Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico [US], Trinidad and Tobago Common Uses Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Concrete formwork, Door, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Shingles Heartwood Color Brown Black Purple Red Pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Red Sapwood Color White Yellow White to yellow Grain Figure Even Straight Growth rings (figure) Other (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Other figure Clear growth rings (figure) Broad stripe on quartersawn surfaces Texture Medium Coarse Fine to medium Medium Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Slight cupping No surface checking No end splitting No cupping, generally Moderate twist/warp Moderate spring/bow Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Moderately easy Mortising Finishes satisfactorily Planing Planes to a satisfactory finish Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Resistance to Splitting Good Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Difficult to sand The sanding finish is generally poor Screwing Easy to screw Turning Difficult to turn Poor results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Staining Finish is generally good Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric=very small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La Habara Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205 Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,London Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Schiffino, J.,1945,Riqueza Forestal Dominicana (Three volumes,Secretaria de Estado de Agric. Ind. y Trabajo Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4