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Blunting Effect
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Luster
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Synonyms
Zelkova hirta, Zelkova keaki
Common Names
Japanese zelkova , Keaki, Keyaki, Kilkova, Neuti, Zelkova
Regions of Distribution
North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
China, Japan, United States
Common Uses
Balusters, Boat building (general), Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Ornamental work , Paneling, Tool handles
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Native to Japan, but has been cultivated successfully across the United States. It prefers to grow in moist soils in humid temperate regions.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| White |
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| Orange |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Brown |
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| Yellowish brown to brown or light golden brown |
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| Pale brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| White to yellowish-white |
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| White to yellow |
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Grain
| Figure |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Irregular |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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| Variable (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Variable figure |
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| Straight |
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| Straight to irregular grain |
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| Irregular |
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Texture
Luster
Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Naturally resistant to attack by decay fungi and insects |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| No twisting or warping |
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| May distort during drying |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Slowly |
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| Seasons rapidly with minimal degrade under controlled conditions |
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| Air drying before kiln-drying is recommended to prevent undue shrinkage |
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Kiln Drying Rate
Tree Size
| Tree height is 0-10 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Bark width is 10-15 mm |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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Product Sources
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory
Keyaki is used for the construction and maintenance of temples in China and Japan, and is protected for those uses only.
Resistance to Dutch elm disease
Similar to elms, and has been suggestes as a substitute for American elm (U. americana)
Used for construction and maintenance of temples and is protected for only those uses
Blunting Effect
| Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges |
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Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Moderate to saw |
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| Saws well |
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| Low cutting resistance |
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Gluing
| Satisfactory gluing properties |
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Movement in Service
| Moderate dimensional stability after seasoning |
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| Medium movement after manufacture |
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Nailing
| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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Planing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Yields clean surfaces in planing, turning, boring and other machining operations |
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| Saws readily although it is hard and tough |
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| Responds rather well to ordinary machine tools |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Moderately difficult to treat with preservatives |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to Work |
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| Yields clean surfaces |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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Sanding
Screwing
| Responds well to screwing |
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Turning
Veneering Qualities
| Very large burrs that yield highly figured wood, with features like a delicate bird's eyes outlined with fine fringes and prominent rays |
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| There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits |
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| Moderately easy to veneer |
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Steam Bending
| Good steam bending properties |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Yields a smooth and excellent finish |
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Strength Properties
| High in density |
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| Heavy |
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| Hardness = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Crushing strength = high |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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Bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content) is high - comparable to Teak. Some familiar species with high crushing strength parallel to grain include Hard maple, Teak, and White oak. It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | | 12990 | psi |
| Density | | 40 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1044 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | | 7404 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1475 | psi |
| Stiffness | | 1671 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 147 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.6 | |
| Weight | 39 | 31 | lbs/ft3 |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | | 913 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 641 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 473 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | | 520 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 103 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | | 117 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 169 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.6 | |
References
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Chun, W.Y.,1921,Chinese Economic Trees,Commercial Press Ltd, Shangai, China
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Japan Forest Technical Association,1964,Illustrated Important Forest Trees of Japan,Chikyu Shuppan Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
Kloot, N.H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No. 12, Melbourne, Australia.
Lee, S.C.,1935,Forest Botany of China,Commercial Press Ltd, Shanghai, China
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Little, E.L. 1980. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.
Mizumoto, S.,1968,On the relative durability of some broad-leaved woods to fungal attack,Journal of the Japanese Wood Research Society 14(8) pp434-439
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