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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Plantation species? Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Araucaria cunninghamii Trade Name Hoop pine Family Name Araucariaceae Common Names Australian araucaria, Bunya bunya, Hoop pine, Norfolk Island pine, Pin colonnaire, Sapin de montagne Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Papua New Guinea, South Africa Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Ladders , Light construction, Moldings, Paneling , Pulp/Paper products, Shipbuilding, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts Environmental Profile Questionable Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea. An emergent tree which occurs mainly in Fagaceae forest above 1000m up to 2745m. Relatively dense stands are found in forest on loam, clay, sand or peat soils on ridges, sometimes on swampy terrain. In Australia, it is scattered in rainforest. In New Guinea associated species include Araucaria hunsteinii, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Flindersia, Elaeocarpus, Podocarpus and Toona and in Australia Flindersia zanthoxyla, F. australis, F. pubescens, Dysoxylum spp., Ceratopetalum apetalum and the members of Lauraceae and Celastraceae are associated. Heartwood Color Red Yellow Brown Pale brown Turn reddish brown upon exposure Golden yellow Sapwood Color White Red Yellow Pink White to yellow Whitish Well defined Pinkish Paler than heartwood Grain Interlocked Moderately to severely interlocked Interlocked Texture Fine Coarse Coarse Luster High Medium Medium Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Moderate natural resistance to decay under cover Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Checking Distortion May warp May check Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Moderately Difficult to Difficult Moderate Dries slowly, but well Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 15-20 cm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Blunting Effect Moderate May contain deposits of abrasive material which tend to dull cutters and affect some machining properties Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Difficult Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly difficult to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Small Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes fairly well but cutters may require frequent sharpening Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is moderately resistant Resistant to preservative treatment Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Moderate working qualities Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Steaming recommended Soaking treatment helps to dissolve the white abrasive deposits in timber Responds well to peeling in green condition The soaking treatment helps to dissolve the white abrasive deposits in the timber and which tends to dull cutters rapidly and severely Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Poor Painting Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Resists wearing and marring Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Medium weight High in density Fairly hard Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6563 11442 psi Crushing Strength 469 936 psi Density 30 lbs/ft3 Hardness 737 lbs Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3538 6319 psi Shearing Strength 1513 psi Static Bending 3910 7997 psi Stiffness 1323 1644 1000 psi Toughness 71 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.36 0.48 Weight 29 24 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 461 804 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 32 65 kg/cm2 Density 480 kg/m3 Hardness 334 kg Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 248 444 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 106 kg/cm2 Static Bending 274 562 kg/cm2 Stiffness 93 115 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 81 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.36 0.48 Weight 464 384 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Technological Paper No. 12. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia. Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.