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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Plantation species? Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Scientific Name Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Trade Name Acrocarpa Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Acrocarpa, Acrocarpo, Belanji, Dieng-ji-rep, Hantige, Havulige, Karingodi, Kilingi, Konne, Kurangadi, Kurangan, Kurangandi, Kuranjam, Ling-kung, Malam, Malam konnei, Malam konnei kurangadi, Malankonnai, Malaveppu, Mallay kone, Mandan, Mandane, Mandania, Mandlin, Mandling, Marivenga, Mayahin, Mayahnin, Mundani, Narivenga, Nelrai, Nezrai, Nyi, Pink cedar, Shegappu agili, Shingle tree, Taung-dama, Taungdama, Yetama Plantation species? Yes Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bhutan, Burma, Cuba, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Zimbabwe Common Uses Boxes and crates, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Oars, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Shingles, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Pale red to pink Sapwood Color White to yellow Different than heartwood Grain Interlocked Figure Distinct (figure) Closed Even Straight Wavy Growth rings (figure) Interlocked Distinct figure Wavy Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Broad rays produce silver grain on quartersawn surfaces Texture Fine Coarse Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Whitish deposits in vessels Natural Durability Moderately durable Non durable Moderately durable Durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Severe end splitting Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Easy Kiln Drying Rate Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is rapid, typically from less than 10 days for a board under 32 mm, to less than 30 days for a board 63 mm and thicker. Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage Volumetric = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10588 16493 psi Density 39 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Impact Strength 34 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4757 7433 psi Shearing Strength 1560 psi Stiffness 1496 1738 1000 psi Weight 38 31 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 744 1159 kg/cm2 Density 624 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Impact Strength 86 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 334 522 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2 Stiffness 105 122 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 608 496 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Rehman, M.A.,1956,The Seasoning behaviour of Indian Trees,Indian Forest Bulletin (N.S.) Wood Seasoning No. 198 Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47 Uganda Forestry Department,1954,Pilot tests of strength properties of some Ugandan grown timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber leaflet No. 46