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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Altingia excelsa Trade Name Bodi rimbo Family Name Hamamelidaceae Common Names Bodi rimbo, Cemara itam, Duang, Jhinkri, Jikri, Jutili, Jutuli, Lamin, Mala, Mandung, Nantayok, Rasamala, Rasamala beureum, Rasamala bodas, Rasamala gadog, Rasamalah, Rasamalo abang, Rasamalo hitam, Rasamalo putih, Sangri-change, Semalo, Silaras, Siri-asing, Sob, Tulason, Yogir-asing Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia Common Uses Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Heavy construction, Light construction, Poles, Railroad ties, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Red Purple Brown Reddish brown Brown, red, dark reddish brown with nearly black stripes after prolonged exposure Black Sapwood Color White Pink Yellow Paler than heartwood Grain Interlocked Closed Even Straight Wavy Interlocked Wavy Straight Texture Coarse Medium Fine Luster Medium Low Slightly lustrous Dull Natural Durability Durable Very durable Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Moderately durable Durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Checking Moderate twist/warp Severe surface checking Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Moderate cupping Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is fluted Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is severe Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Mortising Finishes well Planing Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Sanding Good sanding finish Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Difficult to turn Good results Veneering Qualities Moderately easy to veneer Good gluing qualities Polishing Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8853 13854 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Impact Strength 34 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6568 9550 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1621 1872 1000 psi Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 622 974 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Impact Strength 86 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 461 671 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 113 131 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Sekhar, A.C., Bhatnagar, S.S.,1955,Physical and mechanical properties of woods tested at Forest Research,Institute Report No.IV,Indian Forester 81(7) pp420-3 Sekhar, A.C.,1955,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods,Indian Forest Records (ns Timber Mechanics,1(3,pp69-72 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia