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Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Varnishing Scientific Name Apodytes dimidiata Trade Name Chelleleka Family Name Icacinaceae Synonyms Apodytes acutifolia Common Names Chelleleka, Chogi, Donga, False olive, Jallaka, Mgarigari, Misvipa, Muchai, Mugo-nyone, Muiasanyiko, Munyamadzi, Mvund-hukumu, Pearwood, Um dakane, Wanda, Wandebiu, White pear, Witpeer Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malaysia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda Common Uses Agricultural implements, Artificial limbs, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Musical instruments, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes, Wheels Heartwood Color Brown White Yellow Red Orange Pale brown Greenish to greyish Pale red to pink Brown White to cream Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Same as heartwood Grain Straight Figure Weak (figure) Even Growth rings (figure) Straight Weak figure Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Fine Medium Fine Luster Medium Lustrous Dull Natural Durability Durable Very durable Perishable Non-durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4 UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects No surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Finishes poorly Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to plane Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Screwing Easy to screw Painting Good results Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13043 20158 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2851 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6526 9501 psi Shearing Strength 2360 psi Stiffness 1980 2280 1000 psi Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 917 1417 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 1293 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 458 668 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 165 kg/cm2 Stiffness 139 160 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75 Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Brehme, K., et al,1964,Timbers of Ethiopia No.3 White Pear,Forestry Research Inst. Haile Sellassie Univ. Addis Ababa Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2 Chalk, L. et al.,1935,Fifteen South African High Forest Timber Trees,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 3 Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48 Goldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9 Logan, W.E.M.,1946,An Introduction to the Forests of Central and Southern Ethiopia,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford Paper No.24 Ng, F.S.P.,1978,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 3,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32 Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 Sim, T.R.,1906,The Forests and Forest Flora of Cape Colony,Taylor & Henderson, Aberdeen Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1 United Kingdom - H.M.S.O.,1954,Report of the Matchwood Working Party,H.M.S.O. for the Board of Trade and Ministry of Materials