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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Scientific Name Careya arborea Trade Name Asunda Family Name Lecythidaceae Common Names Asunda, Ayma, Bambwe, Banbwe, Boktok, Buda darini, Buda-durmi, Budatare, Careya, Combio, Dambel, Darepi, Dudippi, Gadava, Ganjal, Gaul, Gavuldu, Gumar, Gummar, Hpu-no, Ijar, Kabooay, Kadon, Kahatta, Kaval, Kuba, Kum, Kumbe, Kumbh, Kumbha, Kumbhi, Kumbi, Kumbia, Kumbir, Kumhi, Kummar, Mai-pinngo, Pailae, Patana oak, Pera, Perla, Perzha, Pilu, Poota-tammi, Poyn, Samgawngmaeot, Tagooyi, Thelawaw, Udu Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Afghanistan, Burma, India, Malaysia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Axles, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Cabinetmaking, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Oars, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes Heartwood Color Yellow Brown White Red Orange Reddish brown Dark brown Sapwood Color Red Brown Yellow White White to yellow Pinkish Grain Straight Even Interlocked Figure Distinct (figure) Straight Interlocked Distinct figure Texture Coarse Medium to coarse Luster Medium Low Dull Natural Durability Perishable Durable Very durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Severe surface checking Severe end splitting Moderate twist/warp Ease of Drying Difficult Figure Occurrence is variable Kiln Drying Rate Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Kiln drying rate (green to 12% mc) is slow, longer than 28 days for a board under 32 mm, to more than 84 days for a board 63 mm and thicker Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 57 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 34 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 56 45 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 15 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 913 kg/m3 Impact Strength 86 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 897 721 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia