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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Scientific Name Carissa spp. Trade Name Hazondronono Family Name Apocynaceae Common Names Hazondronono, Noemnoem, Num-num, Y-thorned carissa Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Ghana, South Africa, Zimbabwe Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Millwork, Mine timbers, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Red Yellow Brown Orange Pink Sapwood Color Red Yellow Grain Figure Even Straight Other (figure) Texture Coarse Fine Luster Medium Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Tree Size Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Moderate gluing properties Nailing Difficult to nail Planing Easy to plane Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Straight Even Interlocked Figure Distinct (figure) Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Max. crushing strength = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi Hardness 2940 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 8467 11767 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 2167 2494 1000 psi Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2 Hardness 1333 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 595 827 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 152 175 1000 kg/cm2 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Gueneau, P., Gueneau, D.,1969,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Malagaches,CTFT Madagascar Palgrave, K.C.,1977,Trees of Southern Africa,Cape Town South Africa Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T