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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Alcarreto, Amarello, Amargosa, Amargoso, Araracanga, Ararauba, Bucheiro, Cainga, Carreto, Chapel, Chaperna, Chichica, Copachi, Gavetillo, Ibira romi, Ibira-romi, Jacamin, Kiantioutiou, Koumanti oudou, Kromanti kopi, Muira-jussara, My lady, Nielillo negro, Palo rosa, Pelmax, Peroba mirim, Peroba rosa, Peroba tremida, Peroba-acu, Peroba-amargosa, Peroba-rajada, Pumaquiro, Quillo caspi, Red peroba, Rosa peroba, Shibadan, Sobro, Volador
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Latin America
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Columbia, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Venezuela
Common Uses
Beams, Boat building (general), Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Exterior uses, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Framing, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Sash, Shipbuilding, Stools, Structural work, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
A. megalocarpum and A. desmanthum are generally found from Mexico, through Central America and into the the high forests in the lower Amazon on moist soils.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Yellow |
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| Purple |
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| Orange |
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| Pink |
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| Black |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Red |
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| Purple |
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| Brown |
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| Sometimes has wide rose stripes upon exposure |
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| Pink to rose red, with yellow or orange and purple streaks and patches |
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| Pink brown with purple veins |
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| Pale brown |
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| Light pinkish brown or pale yellowish brown or orange pale brown |
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| Darkens upon exposure |
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| Brownish yellow to dark brown |
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| Bright orange red to reddish brown |
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Sapwood Color
| Yellow |
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| White |
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| Grey |
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| White to yellow |
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| Yellowish |
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| Not always distinct from heartwood |
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| Grayish white or beige |
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| Darkens upon exposure |
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| Blends into heartwood |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Interlocked |
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| Irregular |
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| Variable (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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| Striped figure |
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| Variable figure |
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| Straight to interlocked |
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| Irregular |
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Texture
| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Very fine |
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| Even or uniform |
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| Fine |
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| Uniform |
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| Medium |
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| Fine to very fine and uniform |
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| Fine to medium |
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Luster
| Low |
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| Medium |
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| Dull |
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| Lustrous |
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| Low to medium |
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Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Very durable |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present |
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| Durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Vulnerable to dry-wood termites |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Resistant to attack by decay causing organisms |
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| Heartwood has moderate natural resistance to decay |
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Wood from Brazil is reported to last from 10 to 11 years as untreated railroad sleepers
Odor
| Has a taste |
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| No specific smell or taste |
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| No specific odor |
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| Bitter taste |
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Toxicity
| Some toxic effects |
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| Dermatitic effects |
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| Respiratory effects |
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Kiln Schedules
| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
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| T7-B3 (4/4) US |
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| T6-D4(4/4);T3-D1(8/4) US Schedule E; United Kingdom |
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Suggested kiln schedule for species from Surinam
Drying Defects
| Checking |
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| Splitting |
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| Distortion |
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| Collapse |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight end splitting |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Slight checking and moderate distortion may occur during kiln-drying |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Moderate end spitting |
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| End-checking, surface-checking, distortion and collapse are common defects |
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Ease of Drying
| Thick Stock Requires Care |
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| Rapidly |
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| Medium to High Shrinkage |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Requires care in drying |
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| Rather large shrinkage |
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| Moderate drying rate is recommended |
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| Dries rapidly but requires care to minimize degrade |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Bole length is 30-40 m |
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Boles are usually straight and cylindrical, and are free of branches to about two-thirds of the tree height.
Product Sources
The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced at low but regular rate. Export potential is rated as fair.
Certified Source
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Staining and corrosive materials are present in the wood, but they can be controlled
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Little |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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| Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges |
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| Medium blunting effect on cuttin tools |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Fair to good results |
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| Fair results |
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| End-grain material should be supported at tool-exits |
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Carving
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good carving characteristics |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Small resistance to sawing |
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| Responds very well to cutting |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Satisfactory gluing properties |
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| Moderate gluing properties |
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| Good gluing properties |
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Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Support material during mortising to prevent break out. |
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| Good mortising properties |
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Moulding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very easy to accomplish moulding or shaping |
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Movement in Service
| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Moderate dimensional stability after seasoning |
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| Medium movement in use |
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Nailing
| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Nails without pre-boring |
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| Accepts thin nails well |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Ease of planing is moderate |
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| Straight-Grained material works easily |
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| Planes easily and worked surfaces are clean and smooth |
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| 20 degree cutting angle is recommended for smooth planed surfaces due to irregular grain |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Sapwood is treatable |
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| Response to preservative treatment is reported to vary, but it is generally low |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Works easily with hand tools |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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Sanding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory sanding properties |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very easy to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| Veneers easily |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Easy to cut |
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| Sliced into highly attractive decorative veneers for paneling and marquetry |
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Steam Bending
| Unsuitable |
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| Generally unsuitable for steam bending |
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Painting
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Satisfactory painting properties |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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| Finishes smoothly |
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| Excellent polishing characteristics |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Stains well |
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Varnishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Takes varnishes satisfactorily |
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Strength Properties
| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high |
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| Hard |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Very heavy |
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| Very dense |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = very high |
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| Heavy |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Does not marr or dent easily |
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| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = very high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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The species is considerably stronger than White oak or Teak. It is hard - harder than Teak,
Wood produced by Peroba rosa is described as hard and heavy, and is one of the highly important and general utility timbers in Brazil. It is sometimes brittle, and grain type tends to affect some strength properties, such as shock resistance which is considerably reduced in the presence of cross grain. Peroba rosa is comparable to the N. American oaks (Quercus ) in strength properties.
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 12303 | 16098 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 1029 | 1401 | psi |
| Density | | 49 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1853 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 35 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6238 | 9896 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2489 | psi |
| Static Bending | 10163 | 17895 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1577 | 1720 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 150 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 11 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.63 | 0.76 | |
| Weight | 53 | 48 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 14 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 865 | 1131 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 72 | 98 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 785 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 840 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 88 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 438 | 695 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 174 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 714 | 1258 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 110 | 120 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 172 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.70 | 0.77 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.63 | 0.76 | |
| Weight | 849 | 769 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research
Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Celulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 Vols
Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.
Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France.
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1943,Foreign Timbers 4 - Notes on Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron) and,Mandioqueira (Qualea Spp.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough,Leaflet No.32
Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment
France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT
Hartwig, G.L.F.,1966,Flooring Timbers in South Africa - Aspidosperma peroba,South African Builder 44(7) pp34
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Kline, M. 1977. Aspidosperma peroba - Pink peroba. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 51-52.
Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Technological Paper No. 12. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organization, Melbourne, Australia.
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory
Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125
Latham, J.,1942,Strength Tests of Peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyreuron,Wood 7(5) pp95-6
Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416
Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas
Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press
Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil
Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)
Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36
Simpson, W.T. and J.A. Sagoe. 1991. Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods : Estimation by Green Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Green Weight Density. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-71, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.
Tortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos Aires
USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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