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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Conocarpus erectus Trade Name Botoncahui Family Name Combretaceae Common Names Botoncahui, Botoncillo, Button mangrove, Buttonbush, Buttontree, Buttonwood, Chene Guadeloupe, Estachahuite, Iztac-cuahuitl, Jele, Jeli, Kanche, Mangel, Mangel blancu, Mangle, Mangle boton, Mangle botoncillo, Mangle garbancillo, Mangle gris, Mangle jeli, Mangle negro, Mangle pinuelo, Mangle prieto, Mangle zaragoza, Manglier, Mangue, Mangue branco, Mangue de botao, Maraquito, Marequito, Paletuvier, Palo boton, Saragosa, Taabche, Witte mangel, Xkanche, Xtabche, Yana, Zaragosa Regions of Distribution Africa, Central America, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Charcoal, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Marine construction, Piling, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Turnery Heartwood Color Brown Red Green/grey Pink Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Red Sapwood Color Red Brown Paler than heartwood Grain Figure Even Straight Interlocked Other (figure) Straight Other figure Interlocked Texture Medium Fine Medium Luster Medium Pronounced Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Very durable Durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 14597 21597 psi Item Green Dry Metric References Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana Quito Britton, N.L., Millspaugh, C.F.,1920,The Bahama Flora,Britton & Millspaugh,New York Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La Habara Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98 Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,London Pennington, T.D., Sarukhan, J.,1968,Manual para la Identificacion de campo de los Principales Arboles,Tropicales de Mexico,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. Mexico Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press Record, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47 Schiffino, J.,1945,Riqueza Forestal Dominicana (Three volumes,Secretaria de Estado de Agric. Ind. y Trabajo Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29