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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Conopharyngia durissima Trade Name Apukar Family Name Apocynaceae Synonyms Tabernaemontana crassa, Conopharyngia crassa Common Names Apukar, Atsim, Bo-gar, Bogbon, Choha, Ekre, Fola, Kakapepe, Katapempe, Kunye-fiexe, Kwakie-kwakwie, Ma-samotoen, Mpiegba, Ninge-ekunyi, Pakie-pakie, Pekyi-pekyere, Pete-pete, Thidimbadimba, Voacanga, We-bo, Weh-boh Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone Common Uses Boxes and crates, Food containers, Plywood Heartwood Color Purple Red Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Fine Fine Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Easy to machine Polishing Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 40 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 39 31 lbs/ft3 Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 641 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 624 496 kg/m3 References Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153 Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the Colonies Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7