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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Gardenia latifolia Trade Name Advibikke Family Name Rubiaceae Common Names Advibikke, Banbindalu, Dam-kurdu, Donga, Dum-kurdu, Gardenia, Ghogar, Ghogari, Gogal paria, Gogarni, Indian boxwood, Jantia, Kalkamb, Kambi, Karinguva, Katarang, Kota ranga, Kottumari-kalan, Kumbay, Kuru, Kurundu, Pandru, Paniabila, Papa, Papar, Papra, Papri, Papro, Papur, Paria, Pedda bikki, Peddabikki, Pempri, Piphar, Popro, Siamese boxwood Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] India, Sri Lanka Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Furniture, Mathematical instruments, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery Heartwood Color Yellow Red Brown Orange Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Sapwood Color Red Yellow Same as heartwood Grain Straight Closed Even Wavy Figure Distinct (figure) Straight Wavy Distinct figure Texture Fine Fine Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Checking Moderate end spitting Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Size Bark width is 0-5 mm Bark width is 5-10 mm Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to turn Good results Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Good results Strength Properties Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Impact Strength 54 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi Weight 46 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Impact Strength 137 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 737 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References C.S.I.R.O., Division of Building Research,1977,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service Sheet No.,10-13,TAUN,CSIRO, Division of Building Research, Information Service, Melbourne,,Australia Desch, H.E.,1948,The Boxwoods,Wood,13(5,pp130-1 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2) Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi Ramesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun India