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Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Abo, Aboho, Ahiefe, Ati, Bobet, Effe, Effen, Effeu, Fentia, Futia, Futoro-futoro, Futro-futro, Hete bake, Hotoro-hotoro, Hotoroho, Hutro-hu, Igbo, Igigun, Ikpoki, Neube, Nkube, Ofo, Ogbess, Oghulu, Orisi, Tetesemopu, Uguekpokin, Yaglu, Zauh
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Zaire
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Canoes, Flooring, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Black |
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| Yellow |
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| Red |
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| Green/grey |
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| Orange |
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| Pink |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| White to cream |
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| Pale brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Green/Grey |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Interlocked |
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| Wavy |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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| Interlocked |
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Texture
| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium to coarse |
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| Medium |
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Luster
| Medium |
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| Pronounced |
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| Lustrous |
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Natural Durability
| Durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Perishable |
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Light-Induced Color Change
Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Checking |
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| Distortion |
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| Slight surface checking |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 0-10 m |
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| Bark width is 10-15 mm |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Cutting Resistance
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Gluing
Mortising
Moulding
Nailing
Planing
| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood is resistant |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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Sanding
Screwing
Veneering Qualities
| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Strength Properties
| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = very low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = small |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 3229 | 4817 | psi |
| Density | | 22 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 319 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 1573 | 2923 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1017 | 1199 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 22 | 18 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 12 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 227 | 338 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 352 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 144 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 110 | 205 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 71 | 84 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 352 | 288 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153
Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the Colonies
Dudek, S.,1981,Lesser Known Liberian Timber Species,German Agency for Technical Cooperation Germany
Forest Products Research Laboratory, Nigeria,1965,Nigerian Timbers for Matchmaking,Nigeria Fed. Department of Forest Research, Ibadan, Forest Products,Research Laboratory Report No.5
Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim
Fouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38
Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76
Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London
Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan
Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159
Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5
Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim
Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
Uganda Forest Department,1934,Uganda Mahogany (Khaya anthotheca,Uganda Forestry Department
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