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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Luster Mortising Moulding Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Hardwickia binata Trade Name Acha Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Acha, Alti, Aryan, Bone, Chhota dundhera, Eppa, Kamra, Karacha, Karachi, Karachu, Katt-udugu, Malaithi, Nar yepi, Narayepi, Parsed, Parsid, Ura, Yapa, Yepi Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] India Common Uses Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: woodworking tools, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Wheel spokes Heartwood Color Yellow Red Brown Green/grey Orange Purple Dark brown Brown, red, dark reddish brown with nearly black stripes after prolonged exposure Sapwood Color Red Yellow White to yellow Well defined Grain Interlocked Even Straight Interlocked Straight Texture Fine Coarse Medium to coarse Luster Dull Natural Growth Defects Gum and mineral deposits Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Very durable Durable Drying Defects Splitting Moderate surface checking No twisting or warping Slight surface checking Severe cupping Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Moderate cupping Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Bole length is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planing Planes well, to a good finish Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 58 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 34 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi Weight 57 46 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 929 kg/m3 Impact Strength 86 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 913 737 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 4 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Krishna Murthy, A.V.R.G.,1967,Economics on railway sleeper supplies in Karimnagar (East) Divn., Andhra,Pradesh.,Indian Forester 93(7) pp455-68 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Sweet, C.V.,1922,Further experiments in the air-seasoning of Indian timbers and general,recommendations as to seasoning methods.,Indian Forest Records IX part V, Delhi, India Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6