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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Hymenodictyon excelsum Trade Name Aligango Family Name Rubiaceae Synonyms Cinchona excelsa, Cinchona thyrsiflora, Hymenodictyon thyrsiflorum Common Names Aligango, Bandara, Barthoa, Bartu, Bauranga, Bhamina, Bhaulan, Bhawarmal, Bhawasar, Bhohar, Bhorkond, Bhorkoru, Bhorsal, Bhurkul, Biharuk, Blalena, Bodoka, Burja, Burker, Burkunda, Chetippa, Dadhippa, Dhauli, Doncelo, Dondru, Dudi-yetta, Dumsa-gyaw, Itthilei, Kakurkat, Karar, Kedah, Khusan, Khutan, Konsa, Kukurkat, Kuthan, Lamkana, Lunia, Mahuwa, Mai-sonpu, Malam kall, Medang keladi, Monnabillu, Nichan kadambu, Peran tholi, Peranjoli, Peruntholi, Phaldu, Potur, Purgur, Sagapur, Sali, U-lok, Vella-kadambu, Yetta Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bangladesh, Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Artificial limbs, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Cooperages, Furniture, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Pencil, Textile equipment, Toys Heartwood Color Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color Same as heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Medium Fine Medium to coarse Medium Fine Fine to medium Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Perishable Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight cupping Severe surface checking No surface checking Ease of Drying Easy Kiln Drying Rate Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Turning Easy to turn Good results Varnishing Satisfactory Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4310 6606 psi Density 29 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 15 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 1432 2675 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 28 25 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 303 464 kg/cm2 Density 464 kg/m3 Impact Strength 38 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 100 188 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Highley, T.L., Scheffer, T.C.,1970,Natural Decay Resistance of 30 Peruvian Woods,U.S.A. Agriculture Department, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory,,Madison Research Paper,No.143 Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Ng, F.S.P. (Ed,1989,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 4,Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Primary Industries Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sharma, S.N., et al,1960,Experiments on the High Temperature Drying of some Indian Timbers,Indian Forest Bulletin (N.S.,No.230