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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Mallotus philippinensis Trade Name Adivigubatadu Family Name Euphorbiaceae Synonyms Rottlera tinctoria Common Names Adivigubatadu, Balak angin, Banato, Baraiburi, Chendra, Chinderpang, Corunga-manje, Dorosindra, Gangai, Gari, Hamparila, Hulichellu, Kaimlar, Kamal, Kamala, Kamala-dye tree, Kambal, Kambel, Kamela, Kamila, Kamla, Kapila, Kapli, Ki mejong, Kishur, Koku, Korangu, Kuku, Kumala, Kumila, Kumkuma, Kunkuma, Kura madukku, Kurku, Kurungu-manjal, Machugan, Mahjanatthi, Manjana, Monkey-face tree, Pachichettu, Ponco, Pondika, Ponnagam, Puddum, Punag, Puroa, Raini, Rauni, Reoni, Riuna, Roem, Rohni, Roina, Roli, Rolli, Rore, Rori, Ruen, Saruakasari, Sendri, Senduria, Shendri, Shenkolli, Sinduri, Sinduria, Sindurpong, Singin, Sundragundi, Tawthidin, Thavatta, Tuka tuka, Tukla, Tung, Vassuntagunda Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Burma, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka Common Uses Chemical derivatives, Fuelwood, Handles: general, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Pulp/Paper products, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery Heartwood Color Brown Black Greenish to greyish Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Reddish brown Pale brown Brown Sapwood Color Same as heartwood Grain Straight Even Figure Weak (figure) Straight Weak figure Texture Fine Fine to medium Medium to coarse Coarse Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Non durable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Moderate twist/warp Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Difficult to machine Turning Easy to turn Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 44 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Impact Strength 40 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1652 psi Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi Weight 43 34 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 705 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Impact Strength 101 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 116 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 689 544 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Sekhar, A.C.,1955,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods,Indian Forest Records (ns Timber Mechanics,1(3,pp69-72