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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Pterospermum acerifolium Trade Name Avor Family Name Sterculiaceae Common Names Avor, Bon-morla, Ching-pha, Dieng-dit-la-khoh, Dieng-khoh, Dieng-khong-swet, Dieng-myrhaw, Dieng-sla-um-pai, Dieng-tharo-masi, Gaik, Hathipaila, Hatipaile, Hatipeala, Hattipaila, Kanak-champa, Kanakchampa, Karmkara, Karnikar, Kongla-arong, Kuckokunda mus, Kukla, Laider, Laidorbuphang, Larubanda, Lau-gongrai-baphang, Lokong-krong-arong, Lopok-lok-arong, Machkunda, Magwi-napa, Makcand, Mat-bul-japha, Mayeng, Modubura, Moragos, Morra, Mota-marulia, Muckokunda, Mus, Nakhar-theng, Numblong, Numbong, Rangirata, Rikhabok, Sinna, Sipon-asing, Taguru changne, Taung-petwen, Tepop-paplok, Thadaya-maram, Waisil-thing Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India, Malaysia, Thailand Common Uses Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Decks, Furniture, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Paneling, Plywood, Sporting Goods, Toys, Turnery Heartwood Color Yellow White Orange Brown Red Red Pale red to pink Reddish brown Purple Pale brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Red White to yellow Well defined Grain Even Interlocked Straight Interlocked Straight Texture Coarse Fine Fine to medium Luster Medium Low Lustrous Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-durable Non-resistant to marine borers Non durable Moderately durable Drying Defects Slight surface checking Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 30-40 m Bole length is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Polishing Poor to Very Poor Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 45 lbs/ft3 Impact Strength 40 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3027 5157 psi Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi Weight 44 35 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 721 kg/m3 Impact Strength 101 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 212 362 kg/cm2 Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 705 560 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Chowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia