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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Sclerocarya birrea Trade Name Aniya Family Name Anacardiaceae Synonyms Poupartia birrea, Sclerocarya caffra Common Names Aniya, Aritj, Ber, Birr, Burunogo, Danya, Dib, Didissa, Dineygna, Ede, Edere, Edi, Eri, Heri, Homeid, Huli, Katetalam, Kunan, Ludde, Lule, Lulu, Marula, Mgongo, Nanobga, Nunu, Otitimo, Sougou, Soungoul, Tuila, Yede Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Food containers, Furniture, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Toys, Turnery, Veneer Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Red Grain Even Interlocked Straight Texture Fine Coarse Medium Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Perishable Durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Severe twisting/warping Moderate collapse and honeycombing Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Gluing Moderate gluing properties Nailing Holds nails well Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Turning Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Good gluing qualities There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for peeling No steaming needed during bolt preparation. Easy to cut Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = medium Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4510 6937 psi Density 31 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2139 3916 psi Shearing Strength 1269 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Toughness 167 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 30 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 317 487 kg/cm2 Density 496 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 150 275 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 89 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 192 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.84 1.19 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 480 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Dale, I.R., Greenway, P.J.,1961,Kenya Trees and Shrubs,Buchanans Kenya Estates Ltd. Nairobi Hatchards London Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the Colonies Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Normand, D., Sallenave, P.,1958,Characteristiques et Proprietes des Acajous,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,59,pp43-52 Palgrave, K.C.,1977,Trees of Southern Africa,Cape Town South Africa Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7