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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sanding Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Vepris lanceolata Trade Name Maroogoo Family Name Rutaceae Synonyms Toddalia lanceolata, Vepris undulata Common Names Maroogoo, Umozane, Umzani, White ironwood, Witysterhout Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] South Africa Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Mine timbers, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes Heartwood Color Yellow White Orange White to cream Pale brown Greenish to greyish Grain Figure Even Distinct (figure) Growth rings (figure) Straight Distinct figure Straight Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Fine Fine Luster Medium Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Non durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Kiln Schedules UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow Drying Defects Moderate surface checking Kiln Drying Rate Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Size Bark width is 5-10 mm Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 0-10 m Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Planing Easy to plane Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Good sanding finish Easy to sand Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to turn Good results Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Bending strength (MOR) = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi Density 53 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2318 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2847 psi Stiffness 2167 2494 1000 psi Weight 52 42 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2 Density 849 kg/m3 Hardness 1051 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 200 kg/cm2 Stiffness 152 175 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 833 673 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7