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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Luster Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Ziziphus jujuba Trade Name Add ziben zi Family Name Rhamnaceae Synonyms Ziziphus mauritiana Common Names Add ziben zi, Baer, Ber, Bogri, Boguri, Bor, Boray, Borokoti, Cherumali, Cherumulli, Chinese date, Dedoari-janum, Elandopphazam, Elantha, Elanthic, Gange asing, Ilangi, Ilantai, Ilantha, Ilanthei, Indian jujube, Jhar-beri, Jibang, Jom, Jom-janum, Jujube tree, Kuki, Kul, Maha-debara, Mahkaw, Mak-hkaw, Manzarita, Rega panda, Regi, Renga, Rengha, Ringa, Thai ganggi, Theng khi, Yelchi, Yellande, Ziben zi, Zidaw Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Afghanistan, Australia, Burma, China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, Somalia, Sri Lanka Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Light construction, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Walking sticks, Wheel spokes, Wheels Heartwood Color Red Yellow Purple Brown Orange Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale brown Sapwood Color Red Yellow Same as heartwood Grain Interlocked Even Straight Interlocked Straight Texture Medium Medium Luster Low Dull Natural Growth Defects Whitish deposits in vessels Natural Durability Moderately durable Moderately durable Drying Defects Distortion Checking Splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Easy Moderate Difficult Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Bark width is 5-10 mm Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Ease of planing is moderate Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Easy to turn Good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi Density 42 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2 Density 673 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2 References Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. McCann, C.,1947,Trees of India: A Popular Handbook,D.B.Taraporevala Sons & Co. Bombay Nation Research Council,1980,Firewood Crops Shrub and Tree Species for Energy Production,National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C. Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Saeed Ahmed, S., Mahammad Ayaz, and Taj Mohammad,1977,Properties and Uses of Commercial Timbers in Pakistan,Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Division of Forest Products Bulletin,No.3