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Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Planing
Plantation species?
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Synonyms
Acacia glaucescens, Mangium montanum
Common Names
Black wattle, Brown salwood, Hickory wattle, Mangium, Sabah salwood
Plantation species?
Yes
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Bangladesh, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Hawaii [US], Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Moldings, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Veneer
Distribution Overview
Largely Australian with disjunct distribution of small stands in New Guinea and the Moluccas, as well as in Cape York Peninsula. In Indonesia, Black Wattle occurs on Taliabu, the most western island, and Sanana, a southern island of the Sula Island Group. It can also be found near Waesalan in the southwest of the main Ceran group. It has been introduced to Banglasesh, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Hawaii, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua, and the Philippines.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Black |
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| Red |
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| Orange |
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| Brown |
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| Pale brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Green/Grey |
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| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Even |
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| Figure |
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| Other (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Other figure |
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Texture
Luster
Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Non durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a moderate speed |
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| Drying (speed) is fast |
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Drying Defects
| Collapse |
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| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Loose Knots |
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| Splitting |
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| Checking |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight end splitting |
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| Moderate collapse and honeycombing |
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| Severe collapse and honeycomb |
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| No surface checking |
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| No end splitting |
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| Expect moderate degrade due to knots, splits, and loosening |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Rapidly |
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| Slowly |
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| Easy |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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| Naturally dries quickly |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is fluted |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Boring
| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Moderately easy |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Permeable heartwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Permeable |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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Sanding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Easy to sand |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Turns with moderate ease |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Easy to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| Veneers easily |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| No drying degrade |
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| Good gluing qualities |
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| Easy to cut |
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| No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting |
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| Difficult to glue |
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Strength Properties
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 7711 | 12078 | psi |
| Density | | 30 | lbs/ft3 |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4662 | 7284 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1391 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1358 | 1568 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 29 | 25 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 542 | 849 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 480 | kg/m3 |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 327 | 512 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 97 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 95 | 110 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 464 | 400 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
References
Gua, B.E.,1988,Observation on timber samples of eighteen research and plantation species,Forest Research Note, Solomon Islands Forestry Division Number 53 21/88
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Peh, T.B. and Khoo, K.C.,1984,Timber Properties of Acacia mangium, Gmelina arborea, Paraserianthes,falcataria and their utilization aspects.,The Malaysian Forester, Vol.47, No.4, pp.285-303.
Salleh, M.N. and W.C. Wong,1989,Utilization of Forest Plantation Trees.,Recent Developments in Tree,Plantations of Humid/Subhumid Tropics of Asia, 5-9 June 1989 Universiti,Pertanian Malaysia Proceedings of a Regional Symposium,Faculty of Forestry Universiti Pertanian Malaysia
Scharai-rad, M. and Kambey, E.,1989,The Wood of Acacia mangium Willd. Its Properties and Possible Uses.,GFG German Forestry Group, Mulawarman University, Indonesia, Report No.14,1-12
U.S.A. National Research Council,1983,Mangium and other Acacias of the Humid Tropics,National Academy Press, Washington, U.S.A.
Yoji Kikata (ed.,1991,The promotion of Lesser-known Species and Plantation-grown species,Proceedings of the International Forest Products Workshop, 14 to 15,October, 1991, Nagoya University, Japan
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