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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Buchanania latifolia Trade Name Char Family Name Anacardiaceae Synonyms Buchanania latifolia Common Names Achar, Aima, Baruda, Buchanania, Carai, Char, Chara, Chara-chettu, Charoli, Charu, Charwari, Chinna moral, Chirauli, Chirka, Chiroli, Chironji, Herka, Jaru mamidi, Jvaramamidi, Kat maa, Katbhilawa, Katma, Kolegeru, Lonbo, Lonepomoa, Lonpo, Lunbo, Maihakhpu, Moda mavu, Moongapezhu, Mora, Mora kangi, Moral, Morala, Morli, Morlimorlu banka, Morlu chettu, Munga pera, Mungapera, Muria, Murkalu, Nurkal, Nurkul, Nuruvei, Nuskul, Parop, Paruppusedi, Payala, Peea, Peirah, Perna, Perua, Pial, Piar, Piyal, Pyal, Sara, Sarai, Saraipparuppu, Saraka, Sareka, Sir, Taro, Tarop, Tarum, Thitsibo Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India, Myanmar, Nepal Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Charcoal, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Packing cases, Roofing, Rustic furniture, Stools, Tables , Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Yunnan, primarily in dry forests. Fruit is black, 1-seeded, kernels pear-shaped, 1 cm long, oily, edible, delicious with a combination of almond and pistachio flavours - known as "almondettes" occasionally imported into Europe, eaten raw or roasted or in sweetmeats, pounded and dried fruits made into bread in India, seed oil a substitute for almond or olive oil; bark and fruit yield a varnish; bark used in tanning; browsed; gum used in traditional medicine against leprosy; wood for fuel; trees grown for erosion control. Heartwood Color Yellow Orange White Brown Red Greenish to greyish White to cream Pale brown Dark brown Brown Sapwood Color Brown Yellow White Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Even Straight Interlocked Texture Fine Even or uniform Coarse Luster Medium High Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Durable Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-durable Non durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Will deteriorate rapidly in wet conditions without chemical protection Very little natural resistance Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Splitting Checking Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Slowly Easy Requires rapid drying Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 0-10 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m The tree is of moderate size, and is deciduous for only a short period Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Generally very soft, moderately heavy, poor quality Blunting Effect Moderate High to severe Boring Poor to very poor results Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Mortising Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Vulnerable to denting and scratching Vulnerable to denting and marring Heavy Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5408 8732 psi Crushing Strength 255 568 psi Density 39 lbs/ft3 Hardness 569 lbs Impact Strength 16 16 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2161 4213 psi Shearing Strength 1022 psi Static Bending 2666 4537 psi Stiffness 1015 1290 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 3 4 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.41 0.51 Weight 38 37 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 380 613 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 17 39 kg/cm2 Density 624 kg/m3 Hardness 258 kg Impact Strength 40 40 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 151 296 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 71 kg/cm2 Static Bending 187 318 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 90 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.21 0.28 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.41 0.51 Weight 608 592 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses, and Suitability. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 2. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi. Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Rawat, B. S., Rawat, N. S., Sekhar, A. C., Bhatnager, S. S. 1957. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Timbers Tested at the Forest Research Institute, Report XI. Indian Forest Records, Timber Mechanics Branch, Volume 1 No. 12, Dehra Dun, India Rawat, B.S., Rawat, N.S.,1960,Physical and Mechanical properties of woods tested at the Forest Research,Institute, Dehra Dun Report XI,Indian Forestry Records (NS) Timber Mechanics 1(12) Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.