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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Calophyllum vitiense Trade Name Buni vizolo Family Name Guttiferae Common Names Buni vizolo, Calophyllum, Damanu, Gwarogwaro, Kioli, Mengeri, Vivinjolo Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji [Polynesia], Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Musical instruments, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Red Brown Yellow White Pink Purple Orange Green/grey Reddish brown Pale red to pink Sapwood Color Red Yellow White Clearly differentiated from the heartwood White to yellow Pinkish Paler than heartwood Different than heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Stripe (figure) Rippled (figure) Distinct (figure) Variable (figure) Interlocked Striped figure Variable figure Rippled figure Distinct figure Texture Medium Fine Coarse Medium coarse to coarse Coarse Medium Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Resistant to powder post beetles Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Moderately durable Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate surface checking Moderate collapse and honeycombing Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Difficult Moderate Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Blunting Effect Little Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Holds nails well Easy to nail Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Sanding Poor results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing yields good results Easy to screw Turning Satisfactory turning properties Veneering Qualities Easy to cut There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for peeling Steaming required during bolt preparation Good gluing qualities Drying degrade is often moderate to severe, with collapse, buckles, and splilts Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8110 12699 psi Density 37 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 4513 7107 psi Shearing Strength 1775 psi Stiffness 1501 1734 1000 psi Weight 36 29 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 570 892 kg/cm2 Density 592 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 317 499 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 124 kg/cm2 Stiffness 105 121 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 576 464 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37 Fiji Department of Forestry,1969,A Summary of the Properties of 34 Indigenous Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.38 Fiji Department of Forestry,1972,Guide to the use of local timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.55 Fiji Forestry Department,1966,The Properties and Potential Uses of Damanu (Calophyllum species) A,Summary of C.S.I.R.O. Investigations,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No. 9, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1969,Timbers for Flooring A Note on Current & Potential Species,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.36, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Solomon Islands,1976,Solomon Islands Timbers - Major Species,For Div. Min. Nat. Resources, Honiara, Timber Booklet 1