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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Canangium odoratum Trade Name Cananga Family Name Annonaceae Common Names Al-langigan, Alangilan, Anangibang, Anangilan, Burak, Cananga, Fereng, Ilang-ilang, Kenanga, Tangid, Tangig, Tangit Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Brunei, Burma, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu Common Uses Bedroom suites, Blockboard, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Cutting surfaces, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fishnet floats, Floats, Floor lamps, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Matchboxes, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments: percussion, Novelties, Plywood, Precision instruments, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Shingles, Sporting Goods, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Wooden shoes Environmental Profile Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Lower Burma, Malayan Peninsula, Philippines, Borneo, West Irian, and Australia. Widely cultivated for its flowers. Heartwood Color Red Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale red to pink Pale brown Greenish to greyish White to cream Yellowish tan Whitish Pinkish white Sapwood Color Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood. White to yellow Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Generally straight, but not always Generally straight, but not always Texture Fine Even or uniform Uniform Coarse Uneven textured Natural Durability Very durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Perishable Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Very little natural resistance Susceptible to marine borer attack Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Highly susceptible to attack by termites and marine borers Odor No specific smell or taste Drying Defects Blue stain Ease of Drying Thick Stock Requires Care Reconditioning Treatement Dries easily with little or no degrade Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Slightly buttressed, and often develops a straight and cylindrical bole. Product Sources The tree bes cultivated mostly for its flowers. They contain ilang-ilang, an aromatic oil which is distilled and used for the production of perfume. Blunting Effect Slight effect Boring Easy Carving Good results Cutting Resistance Low resistance Gluing Easy to glue Mortising Good mortising properties Moulding Good moulding properties Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Stable Nailing Holds nails well Easy to nail Planing Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Easy to Work Easy to machine Excellent response Sanding Easy to sand Turning Easy to turn Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Smooth polished surface Staining Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Weight = light Surfaces may dent or scratch easily Surfaces may dent easily Soft Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4524 6691 psi Crushing Strength 320 349 psi Density 24 lbs/ft3 Hardness 328 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2094 3690 psi Shearing Strength 985 psi Static Bending 3011 4056 psi Stiffness 1032 1239 1000 psi Toughness 108 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.26 0.28 Weight 24 20 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 318 470 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 22 24 kg/cm2 Density 384 kg/m3 Hardness 148 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 147 259 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 69 kg/cm2 Static Bending 211 285 kg/cm2 Stiffness 72 87 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 124 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.26 0.28 Weight 384 320 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, Sarawak Cause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Escolano, J.O., et al,1969,Book Papers from Gubas - ilang-ilang and taluto,Philippine Lumberman,15(4,pp16-20 France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lamb, G.N.,1955,Foreign Woods Canangium odoratum,Wood and Wood Products,6019, p58 Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H. Lauricio, F.M., Bellosillo, S.B.,1966,Fifth Progress Report on the Mechanical and Related Properties of,Philippine woods,Philippine Lumberman,12(5,p66 Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249 McMillen, J.M., Bois, P.J.,1976,Kiln Schedules for Foreign Woods,U.S.A,Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Utilization Tec. Report,No.2 Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sarawak Forestry Department,1953,Tree and Timbers of Sarawak and Borneo,Sarawak Forestry Department Leaflet,No.25 Smith, N.J.H, J.T. Williams, D.L. Plucknett and J.P. Talbot. 1992. Tropical Forests and their Crops. Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia