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Blunting Effect
Boring
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Big shagbark hickory, Hickory, Kingnut, Shellbark hickory
Regions of Distribution
North America
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Canada, United States
Common Uses
Baseball bats, Charcoal, Drum sticks, Fishing rods , Flooring, Fuelwood, Skis, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Vehicle parts
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
In North America, this species grows in southeastern Canada and eastern United States. It occurs from southeast Iowa east to Ohio and southwest Pennsylvania, south to Tennessee and west to northeastern Oklahoma. It is also found in localized areas in southern Ontario in Canada, and New York, northern Georgia, and Mississippi in the United States.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Black |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Brown |
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Sometimes marketed under the trade name of Red hickory.
Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Pale colored |
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| Clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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Sapwood is often wide and is frequently marketed as as White hickory. Sapwood is sometimes preffered to the heartwood in appearance
Grain
| Even |
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| Closed |
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| Figure |
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| Straight |
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| Irregular |
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| Wavy |
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| Occasionally wavy |
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| Irregular grain occasionally |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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Texture
Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Non-resistant to marine borers |
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| Very little natural resistance |
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| Standing trees/logs vulnerable to attack by forest longhorn or Buprestid beetles |
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| Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
| White handles |
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| White handles |
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| T8 - D3 (4/4); T6 - D1 (8/4) US |
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| Small = T8-D1 |
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| Small = T8-D1 |
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| Small = T1-D2 |
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| Small = T1-D2 |
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| Schedule E (4/4) United Kingdom/T8 - D3 (4/4); T6 - D1 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule E (4/4) United Kingdom |
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| Pink handles |
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| Pink handles |
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| Large = T8-C1 |
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| Large = T8-C1 |
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| Large = T1-C2 |
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| Large = T1-C2 |
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Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Severe shrinkage may result |
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Ease of Drying
| Slowly |
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| Dries rapidly with little or no degrade |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Bark width is 10-15 mm |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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Large tree, produces the largest hickory nuts. Straight bole
Blunting Effect
| Severe effect |
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| Medium effect |
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Boring
| Excellent (95+ pieces out of 100 will yield excellent results) |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Satisfactory sawing properties |
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Cutting resistance to narrow bandsawing is satisfactory
Gluing
Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good mortising properties |
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Moulding
Movement in Service
After proper seasoning retains shape well
Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Pre-boring recommended |
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Planing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Special attention required |
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| Poor machining properties |
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Interlocked grain requires a reduced cutting angle of 20 degrees in planing operations
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable sapwood |
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| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Wood moderately responsive to treatment |
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Response to Hand Tools
Turning
Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for peeling |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Veneers easily |
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| Difficult to veneer |
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Steam Bending
High bending and crushing strengths, high stiffness and high resistance to shock loads make hickory extremely suitable for steam bending applications
Polishing
| Polishing characteristics are good to very good |
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Staining
Strength Properties
Several species of Carya, including Shellbark (C. laciniosa ), Pignut (C. glabra ), Mockernut (C. tomentosa ), and Shagbark (C. ovata ) are usually marketed together as hickory because of very close similarities. Density and other related properties of the species are significantly determined by the rate of growth. Wood with wide growth rings is generally high in density and strength. The wood has very good strength properties in relation to its weight, and is well suited for applications where shock resistance is required. Strength properties are slightly superior to those of European beech (Fagus ), but toughness is considerably higher
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 10290 | 17738 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 794 | 1764 | psi |
| Density | | 42 | lbs/ft3 |
| Impact Strength | 102 | 86 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3842 | 7840 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2068 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1313 | 1852 | 1000 psi |
| Work to Maximum Load | 24 | 29 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.58 | 0.63 | |
| Radial Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 13 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 19 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 723 | 1247 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 55 | 124 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 673 | kg/m3 |
| Impact Strength | 258 | 218 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 270 | 551 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 145 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 92 | 130 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Work to Maximum Load | 1.68 | 2.03 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.58 | 0.63 | |
| Radial Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 13 | | % |
References
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.
Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.
USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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