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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Adarouna, Aganananga, Arenillo, Baramalli, Baraman, Baramanni, Baromalli, Flambeau rouge, Flameau rouge, Gan man naga, Kajoewaballi, Kamatana, Koron paku, Man kobe, Sand baromalli, Simana
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Latin America
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Furniture, Handles: general, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery
Environmental Profile
The environmental status of this species within its geographical boundaries has not been officially determined.
Distribution Overview
The species occurs in Carare-Opon and Serrania de San Lucas regions of Colombia, as well as in the Guianas, and in the low inundated forests near Manaus and northward into Brazil.
Heartwood Color
| Red |
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| Brown |
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| Purple |
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| Pink |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Pale brown |
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| Brown |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Yellowish brown |
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| White to cream |
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| Pinkish brown |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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| Dark brown |
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| Dark brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| Different than heartwood |
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The sapwood is yellowish-brown, distinct yet not sharply demarcated from the heartwood
Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Interlocked |
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| Other (figure) |
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| Rays (figure) |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Striped figure |
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| Rays figure |
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| Other figure |
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| Occasionally interlocked, but not always |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium to coarse |
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Luster
Natural Growth Defects
Natural Durability
| Durable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Perishable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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The wood has very little or no resistance to attack by decay fungi and other wood destroying organisms
Odor
| Has an odor |
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| No specific smell or taste |
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Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| Collapse |
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| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Checking |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight end splitting |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Rapidly |
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| Requires special attention |
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| Slowly |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Easy |
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| Difficult |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Rapid |
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| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Naturally dries quickly |
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| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Bark width is 10-15 mm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
General finishing qualities are rated as poor
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Little |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe |
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| Blunting effect on machining is severe |
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| Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe |
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Boring
Carving
Cutting Resistance
The wood has low resistance to sawing.
Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Poor gluing properties |
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| Moderate gluing properties |
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Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Large |
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Nailing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Planes to a poor finish |
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| Difficult to plane |
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Surfaces finished with machine tools are rather dull and fuzzy
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable heartwood |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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Both heartwood and sapwood can be impregnated with ease through pressure or open-tank processes
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Difficult to machine |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Good response |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Sanding
Screwing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Veneering Qualities
Steam Bending
| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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Painting
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Poor results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Hardness = medium |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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It resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch.
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9269 | 13887 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 353 | 500 | psi |
| Density | | 33 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 750 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4138 | 7434 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1073 | psi |
| Static Bending | 6723 | 10535 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1921 | 2330 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 163 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 7 | | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.56 | 0.66 | |
| Weight | 32 | 25 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 17 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 651 | 976 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 24 | 35 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 528 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 340 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 290 | 522 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 75 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 472 | 740 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 135 | 163 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 187 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.49 | | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.56 | 0.66 | |
| Weight | 512 | 400 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
References
Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1
Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7
Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207
Polak, A.M.,1992,Major Timber Trees of Guyana A Field Guide,The Tropenbos Foundation Wageningen, The Netherlands
Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press
Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
Wangaard, F.F., W.L. Stern, and S.L. Goodrich. 1955. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume V, No. 103. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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