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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Abrasion Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Celtis nymanii Trade Name Light celtis Family Name Ulmaceae Common Names Light celtis Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands Common Uses Balusters, Barge fenders, Building construction, Building materials, Construction, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Flooring, Foundation posts, Harbor work, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Moldings, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Stair rails, Stairworks, Stakes, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction Environmental Profile The environmental status of this species within its geographical boundaries has not been officially determined. Distribution Overview Southeast Asia, primarily in Papua New Gunea and the Solomon Islands. Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink Purple Black Yellowish brown Light brown Almost white Sapwood Color Green/Grey Red Brown Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Even Closed Figure Irregular Straight Wavy Wavy Straight Irregular Texture Fine Fine to medium Luster Low Natural Durability Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Non-resistant to termites Decay's readily Immediate extraction from the forest and drying of the timber, or application of suitable fungicides on site, are essential to avoid deterioration of the wood Odor No specific smell or taste Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Checking Moderate end spitting Tension wood may cause twisting and warping, and staining fungi may cause degrade in logs Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Air dries and kiln dries slowly with minimal degrade Kiln Drying Rate Rapid Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Comments The timbers are tough and suitable for many exterior uses after treatment. Properties are dependent upon conditions at growing sites. Tension wood may also be present in the wood Varies significantly Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Difficult to nail Planing Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Abrasion Highly resistant to wear Suitable for exterior applications after proper protection against decay. Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Sanding Fair sanding qualities Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy No drying degrade Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Stains very well Strength Properties Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Density is high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7428 11270 psi Crushing Strength 191 512 psi Density 35 lbs/ft3 Hardness 708 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3900 6684 psi Shearing Strength 1323 psi Static Bending 4577 7811 psi Stiffness 1352 1695 1000 psi Toughness 91 inch-lbs Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 522 792 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 13 35 kg/cm2 Density 560 kg/m3 Hardness 321 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 274 469 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2 Static Bending 321 549 kg/cm2 Stiffness 95 119 1000 kg/cm2 References Bolza, E. and N. H. Kloot. 1966. The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers. Technological Paper No. 41. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia. Eddowes, P. J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1