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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Celtis philippensis Trade Name Ai salo Family Name Ulmaceae Synonyms Celtis brownii, Celtis philippinensis, Celtis strychnoides, Celtis wightii Common Names Ai salo, Bautakate, Bulagson, Dila-dilaan, Dofala, Gotgot, Gumaliel, Ha-adi, Hanuma, Hard celtis, Iangao, Kajoe sirih, Kaju lulu, Kapahalombiti, Lae lae, Laelae, Lausi, Lodono, Lomlomata, Magabuyo, Malagabuyo, Malaikmo, Malingagok, Mangdong, Mangong, Mangongkong, Maragaoed, Maragok, Mougong, Orarog, Oratan, Pingul, Propore, Sessel, Solomon Islands celtis, Takupi, Tavasu, Udalo, Ulalo, Urarag, Uratan, Waiam-a-hasi Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Moldings, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Structural work, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Heartwood Color Yellow Grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Sapwood Color Same as heartwood Grain Interlocked Straight Even Texture Coarse Medium Medium to coarse Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Non durable The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Perishable Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects No surface checking Kiln Drying Rate Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is fluted Comments General finishing qualities are rated as poor Blunting Effect Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Gluing Easy to glue Difficult to glue Nailing Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is moderately resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Variable qualities Moderate difficulty Veneering Qualities Moderately easy to veneer Diifficult to veneer There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling Difficult to glue Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Density 43 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 2041 2351 1000 psi Weight 42 34 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 5 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Density 689 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 143 165 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 673 544 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34 Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Foreman, D.B.,1971,A checklist of the vascular plants of Bouganville with descriptions of,some common forest trees,New Guinea Forestry Department, Division of Botany, Lae, Botany Bulletin,No.5 I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Osborne, L.D.,1970,Decay resistance of South-West Pacific rain forest timbers,C.S.I.R.O.,Div. for Prod., Tech. paper No.56 Pleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, London Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division,1979,Solomon Islands Timbers - Minor Species,Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division, Honiara,Timber Booklet 2 Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1 Whitmore, T.C.,1966,Guide to the Forests of the British Solomon Islands,Oxford University Press Wyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17