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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities

Scientific Name
Clarisia racemosa

Trade Name
Oiticica amarela

Family Name
Moraceae

Synonyms
Soaresia nitida, Clarisia nitida


Wood Image 1

Wood Image 1

Wood Image 1

Common Names
Ache, Aji, Amanllo, Arbol del pan, Arracacho, Bainha, Bainha de espada, Cajiman, Capinuri, Carac, Caraco, Catruz, Chichillica, Cuaruiba, D'espada, Diconroque, Dinde, Guariuba, Guariuba amarela, Huariuba, Imauba, Janita, Killo-muena, Machunaste, Mascajo, Mashonaste, Mata palo, Matapalo, Maxunasti, Mora, Moral, Moral bobo, Moral comido de mono, Moralbabo, Murere, Murure, Oiti, Oiti amarelo, Oitica amarilla, Oiticia da mata, Oiticica, Oiticica amarela, Oity, Oticica, Pellejo de indio, Piamich, Pituca, Pituca capinuri, Quariuba, Quebracho, Sota, Tatajuba amarela, Tulpay, Turupay, Vacati, Vitaca, Yasmich, Zota

Regions of Distribution
Central America, Latin America

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela

Common Uses
Beams, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, General carpentry, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Structural work, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wainscotting

Environmental Profile
Status unknown in many of its growth areas
Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center

Status unknown due to lack of information within its range in Panama, Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Vene

Distribution Overview
Widely distributed in Brazil and extends into northeastern Peru, the Serrania de San Lucas region of Colombia, and the Venezuelan Guianas; grows scattered or in small clumps. Generally throughout tropical South America.

Heartwood Color
Brown
Pink
Red
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
Pale brown
Dark brown
Reddish brown
Red
Darkens upon exposure
Brown


Sapwood Color
White
Pink
White to yellow
Well defined
Greenish-white


Grain
Figure
Other (figure)
Straight
Interlocked
Even
Distinct (figure)
Roey (figure)
Stripe (figure)

Other figure
Straight
Interlocked
Striped figure
Roey figure
Pearly figure
Moderately to severely interlocked
Generally straight, but not always
Distinct figure


Texture
Fine
Coarse
Medium
Medium to coarse
Medium


Luster
High
Lustrous
Pronounced


Natural Durability
Perishable
Durable
Moderately durable
Resistant to termites
Non-resistant to termites
Moderately durable
Non durable
Very durable
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Durable
Susceptible to marine borer attack
Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present
Perishable
Heartwood is resistant to termite and dry wood insect attack


Odor
Seasoned wood has no odor or taste


Light-Induced Color Change
Darker


Kiln Schedules
Drying (speed) is fast
Dry at a slow speed
Dry at a moderate speed


Drying Defects
Checking
Case Hardening
Distortion
Slight twist/warp
Slight surface checking

Checking could be fairly serious in quarter-sawn stock.

Ease of Drying
Rapidly
Reconditioning Treatement
Fairly Easy
Easy
Moderate/rapid
Mild conditions recommended


Tree Identification
Bole/stem form is not buttressed
Bole/stem form is straight
Bole/stem form is cylindrical


Tree Size
Tree height is 30-40 m
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm


Product Sources
The ITTO reports that timber production from this species is regular. Exportation is low, but should potentially increase in the future. The wood is imported from Brazil into Japan and China.

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

General finishing qualities are rated as poor

The timber is similar in properties to the African species, Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata ).

Blunting Effect
Moderate
Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe


Boring
Fair to good results
Fairly easy to very easy


Carving
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results


Cutting Resistance
Easy to saw
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
Surfaces tend to be woolly
Easy to saw
Cutting Resistance with green wood is variable


Gluing
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to glue
Glues well


Mortising
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results


Moulding
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results


Movement in Service
Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement
Medium
Fairly stable


Nailing
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to nail
Difficult to nail
Holds nails well


Planing
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to plane
Good planing properties
Difficult to plane
Areas of interlocked grain may cause tearing


Resistance to Impregnation
Resistant sapwood
Resistant heartwood
Heartwood is resistant
Sapwood is permeable
Moderately resistant
Heartwood is moderately resistant


Response to Hand Tools
Easy to machine


Routing & Recessing
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy


Sanding
Good sanding finish


Screwing
Fair to Good Results
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Poor results
Difficult to screw
Good screwing properties
Easy to screw


Turning
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Easy to turn


Veneering Qualities
Suitable for peeling
Easy to cut


Painting
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Satisfactory results


Polishing
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Good results


Staining
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Finish is generally satisfactory


Varnishing
Satisfactory


Strength Properties
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Very heavy
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Resists denting and marring
Density = very high
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high


Numerical Data
ItemGreenDryEnglish
Bending Strength1057116320psi
Crushing Strength9761282psi
Density38lbs/ft3
Hardness1275lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength59699256psi
Shearing Strength1785psi
Stiffness151819811000 psi
Toughness156inch-lbs
Specific Gravity0.52
Weight3931lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage3%
Tangential Shrinkage6%
Volumetric Shrinkage8%
ItemGreenDryMetric
Bending Strength7431147kg/cm2
Crushing Strength6890kg/cm2
Density608kg/m3
Hardness578kg
Maximum Crushing Strength419650kg/cm2
Shearing Strength125kg/cm2
Stiffness1061391000 kg/cm2
Toughness179cm-kg
Specific Gravity0.52
Weight624496kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage3%
Tangential Shrinkage6%

References
Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana Quito

Almeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56

Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research

Brazier, J.D.,1975,Properties and uses of Brazilian woods,Journal of the Institute of Wood Science,7(2,pp50-57

Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest Development

Brazil-Ministerio do Interior,1979,Pesquisas e Informac†ces sobre especies florestais da Amazonia,Dept. de Recuros Naturais Centro de Tecnologia Madeireira

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France.

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department

Falla Ramirez, A.,1971,Resultados de Estudios Fisico-Mechanicos de Algunas Maderas de la Serrania,de San Lucas. (Some timbers of the San Lucas mountain range.,Plegable Divulgativo, Div. Forestal, Inderena Colombia,pp6

Hoheisel, H., Karstedt, P.,1967,Identification of Ecuadorian Wood Sp. for possibilities of Utilization on,the basis of Technological Results,Institito Forestal Latino-Americana Merida Venezuala

Hoheisel, H.,1968,Identification of some Colombian wood Sp. and their possible use on the,basis of physical and mechanical properties,Latin American Forest Research and Training Institute, Merida Venezuala

ITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, France

Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98

Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil

Maeglin, R., C. K. Baah, G. Troemmer, J. D. Danielson, and S. P. Loehnertz. 1989. Pre-project Report: Sawing of Difficult Species. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.

Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416

Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas

Peru - P.A.D.T.,1981,Descripcion general y anatomica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino,Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena, P.A.D.T. Report, Junac, Lima, Peru.

Peru - P.A.D.T.,1981,Tablas de propiedades fisicas y mecariicas de la Madera de 24 especies de,Colombia,Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena, P.A.D.T. Report, Lima, Peru.

Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Moraceae,Tropical Woods,8(61,pp11-54

Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press

Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press

Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil

Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)

Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24

Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4

Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.

Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series









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