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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Weathering Scientific Name Copaifera multijuga Trade Name Aceite Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Aceite, Balsam, Cabimo, Cabino blanco, Camiba, Canime, Caniva, Copahiba Angelim, Copahyba, Copaiba, Copaiba marimari, Copaibarana, Copaibo, Cupay, Hoepelhout, Koepajoewa, Maram, Palo de aceite, Panchimouti, Pau d'oleo, Timbo y ata Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela Common Uses Balusters, Beams, Bedroom suites, Blockboard, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cutting surfaces, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , General carpentry, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling , Turnery Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview It is found from the mid-Tapajós River in the east to Amazonas and Rondônia states in the west (Ducke 1949) on the south side of the Amazonas River; it is also found from the Trombetas River west into Amazonas on the north side. C. multijuga occurs in numerous habitats, from the terra firma forests, to the flooded and/or sandy margins of lakes and streams, to the cerrado forests of central Brazil. It occurs on both sandy and clayey soils, and generally occupies the upper canopy or may occasionally be an emergent. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Green/grey Black Red Reddish brown Copper pink brown Contains dark streaks Sapwood Color Green/Grey Red Brown Yellow Well defined Pinkish Grain Even Figure Interlocked Straight Other (figure) Silver tint (figure) Silver tinted figure Resin marks in the figure Occasionally interlocked, but not always Generally straight, but not always The wood has a fine silver figure, and sporadic to frequent resin marks. Texture Medium Coarse Fine Uniform Fine to medium Luster Medium High Low High Natural Durability Durable Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Very durable Resistant to termites Resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Non-durable Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to termite attack Moderately resistant to dry wood insect attack Moderately resistant to decay Weathering Good Odor Has an odor Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Checking Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Case hardening may develop Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Easy Dries rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Blunting Effect Little Moderate Medium effect Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Carefully Controlled Conditions Glues well Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mortise Moulding Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good finishing results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Moderate stability Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Pre-Boring Recommended Poor to Very Poor Results Easy to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Very good planing properties Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Routing yields good results Screwing Pre-boring recommended Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good screwing properties Good screw holding properties Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Good results Easy to turn Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Painting Good results Polishing Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10564 13534 psi Density 30 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 4885 6897 psi Stiffness 1774 1964 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.38 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 742 951 kg/cm2 Density 480 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 343 484 kg/cm2 Stiffness 124 138 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.38 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant, and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Maeglin, R., C. K. Baah, G. Troemmer, J. D. Danielson, and S. P. Loehnertz. 1989. Pre-project Report: Sawing of Difficult Species. Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.