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Blunting Effect
Boring
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resin Content
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
Weathering
| |
Common Names
Cryptomeria, Japanese cedar, Sugi, Suji
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
China, India, Japan, South Africa, Sri Lanka
Common Uses
Balusters, Bedroom suites, Blinds, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fishnet floats, Floats, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Lock gates, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets
Environmental Profile
| Abundant/Secure |
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| Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk) |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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Distribution Overview
Japan & Taiwan. In Japan it occurs naturally in pure and mixed stands from Kyushu to N Honshu at elevations to 400 m. In Taiwan, the distribution includes Xinchu Xian: Sheipa National Park; Ilan Xian: Yuanyanghu Nature Preserve; Nantou Xian: Xitou Forest Recreation Area; Xinchu Xian: Yuanyanghu Natural Preserved Area; at elevations of 900-2500 m in plantations and in association with Tsuga, Pinus and Fagaceae species.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Orange |
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| Green/grey |
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| Red |
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| Black |
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| Purple |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Red |
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| Purple |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Pale brown |
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Sapwood Color
| Red |
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| Pink |
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| White |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| White to yellow |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| Clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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Grain
| Figure |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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| Mottled (figure) |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Mottled figure |
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| May be wavy or curly |
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Dark brown and yellow streaks form a wavy pattern on the surface of the timber and vertical parenchyma cells of resin, black in color impart luster to the wood.
Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Resinous and oily |
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| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Fine to coarse |
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| Coarse |
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Luster
| Medium |
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| High |
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| Slightly lustrous |
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Natural Growth Defects
Natural Durability
| Very durable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Resistant to marine borers |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Perishable |
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Moderately durable
The wood has some resistance to attack by insects.
Weathering
Odor
| Has an odor |
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| No specific taste |
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| May have an odor |
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Resin Content
Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
| T12 - E5 (4/4) US/T12 - E5 (4/4) US |
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Drying Defects
| Checking |
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| Splitting |
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| Distortion |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Moderate end spitting |
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| End splitting |
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There is a pronounced tendency for the wood to check and split, especially in thicker sizes.
Ease of Drying
| Slowly |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Rapidly |
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| Moderate |
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| Easy |
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| Dries at a fairly rapid rate |
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Partial air-seasoning has been recommended to precede kiln-drying
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Drying rate is slow |
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| Very slow |
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| Naturally dries quickly |
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| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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Tree Size
| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Tree height is 60-70 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm |
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| Bole length is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Sapwood width is 10-15 cm |
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Certified Source
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| High to severe |
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| Moderate |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on sawing green wood is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly difficult to very difficult |
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| Well defined |
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Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Easy to saw |
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| Easy to saw |
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Gluing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Mortising
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Moulding
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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Movement in Service
| Stable |
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| Stability is good |
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| Expect small movememt |
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Nailing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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| Holds nails well |
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Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Machined surfaces are fairly smooth |
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| Easy to use machine tools |
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| Easy to plane |
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Respond rather well to sanding, turning, boring, moulding, knotty material may require some care
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Sanding
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Screwing
| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Screwing yields good results |
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| Good screw holding properties |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Veneering Qualities
| No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting |
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| Easy to cut |
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Steam Bending
| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Unsuitable |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor |
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Painting
Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Surface Preparation |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Surface Preparation |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Stains well |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = very low |
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| Work to Maximum Load = very low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low |
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| Toughness (total work) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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The wood is light in weight. The density is average, or medium
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 3409 | 5115 | psi |
| Density | | 24 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 319 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 15 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 1196 | 2262 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 882 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1017 | 1199 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 95 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 5 | 7 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.36 | |
| Weight | 25 | 24 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 239 | 359 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 384 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 144 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 38 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 84 | 159 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 62 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 71 | 84 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 109 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.35 | 0.49 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.36 | |
| Weight | 400 | 384 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
References
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Chen, C.L.,1962,The Physical Properties of 101 Chinese Woods,Forest Products Journal 12(7) pp339-42
Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London
Das, N.R., et al,1965,Data on the Natural Durability of Timber Species,Journal of Timber Development Assoc. of India,11(2,pp6-12
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Limaye, V. D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses, and Suitability. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 2. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.
Limaye, V. D. and B. R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1
Sekhar, A.C.,1955,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods,Indian Forest Records (ns Timber Mechanics,1(3,pp69-72
Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6
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