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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
| |
Synonyms
Aesculus memmingeri, Aesculus procera
Common Names
European horse chestnut
Horse chestnut
Marrionier d'inde
Regions of Distribution
Eastern Europe, Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, France, Greece, India, Iran, United Kingdom
Common Uses
Baskets, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Brush backs & handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Decorative plywood, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Handles: general, Interior construction, Interior trim, Moldings, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tables, Textile equipment, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Vulnerable |
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| Vulnerable in many parts of its natural habitat |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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Particularly in Bulgaria
Distribution Overview
Its common range is in southern Europe (Greece, Albania), though it is naturalized at scattered locales throughout eastern North America from Maine to Minnesota, and south to South Carolina. It is also found in Great Britian, where it is widely cultivated.
Heartwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Orange |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Pink |
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| White to cream |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Pale brown |
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| Pale red to pink |
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Trees felled in early winter are often very white in color while those felled later in the season have colors that vary from yellow to light brown.
Sapwood Color
| Red |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| White |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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Grain
| Wavy |
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| Interlocked |
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| Figure |
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| Crossed |
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| Closed |
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| Spiral |
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| Straight |
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| Even |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Mottled (figure) |
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| Rippled (figure) |
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| Rays (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Spiral |
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| Rippled figure |
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| Mottled figure |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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| Rays figure |
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| Crossed |
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Storied rays often produce a ripple or mottle figure on longitudinal surfaces.
Texture
| Fine |
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| Close |
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| Even or uniform |
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| Fine |
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| Uniform |
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| Close |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-durable |
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| Sapwood non-resistant to furniture beetles |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Perishable |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Non durable |
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| Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Very little natural resistance |
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| Sapwood is vulnerable to attack by furniture beetles |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Moderately durable |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Light-Induced Color Change
Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Dry at a moderate speed |
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Drying Defects
| Splitting |
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| Distortion |
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| End splitting |
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| Distortion (twist/warp) is likely |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Rapidly |
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| Slowly |
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| Reconditioning Treatement |
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| Little degrade |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Easy |
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| Moderate |
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| Little or no degrade |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries quickly |
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| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Little |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Moderate to saw |
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| Easy to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Very good properties |
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Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Easy to mortise |
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Moulding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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The wood can be moulded or shaped easily but a reduced cutting angle is recommended for best results.
Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Small |
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| Stable |
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| Small movement in use |
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Nailing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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| Holds satisfactorily |
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| Holds nails well |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Moderately easy to plane |
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| Easy to plane |
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Reduced cutting angle is recommended
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable heartwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Works well with hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good in both routing and recessing. |
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Sanding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to sand |
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Screwing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Screwing yields good results |
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Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Good results |
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| Easy to turn |
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| Satisfactory |
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Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for peeling |
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| Veneers easily |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Good |
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| Very good |
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| Moderate |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally good |
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| Satisfactory staining properties |
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Varnishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Work to Maximum Load = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Weight= medium |
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| Toughness (total work) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Resists denting and marring |
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| Hardness = medium |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Density = high |
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| Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 5920 | 9785 | psi |
| Density | | 32 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 882 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2668 | 5312 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1221 | psi |
| Stiffness | 931 | 1098 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 167 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 11 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.37 | 0.39 | |
| Weight | 33 | 31 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 416 | 687 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 512 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 400 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 187 | 373 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 85 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 65 | 77 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 192 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.70 | 0.77 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.37 | 0.39 | |
| Weight | 528 | 496 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
References
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London
Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London
Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1937,A Handbook of Home-Grown Timbers,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38
Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment
HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods. 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza. 1961. Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia. Technological Paper No. 12. Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Laidlaw, W.B.R. 1960. Guide to British Hardwoods. Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.
Lauricio, F.M., Bellosillo, S.B.,1966,Fifth Progress Report on the Mechanical and Related Properties of,Philippine woods,Philippine Lumberman,12(5,p66
Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Little, E.L. 1980. The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region. Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press
Redding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30
Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London
T.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet No.70 Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum,TRADA Timber Leaflet
T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADA
Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.
Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
Wood, A.D.,1963,Plywoods of the World: Their Development, Manufacture and,Application,Johnston & Bacon Ltd. Edinburgh & London
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