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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Synonyms
Cynometra inaequifolia, Cynometra malaccensis, Maniltoa polyandra
Common Names
Bam-kung, Belangkan, Bonsuthai-buphang, Chherasu, Dieng-rai-heh, Dieng-soh pyda, Dila dila, Dila-dila, Katong, Katong-katong, Kekatong, Korhai-ha, Mangkha, Nanop, Ping, Rang-koroi-ching, Thing-changleing-theing
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Burma, China, India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Charcoal, Door, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Oars, Plywood, Poles, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Heartwood Color
| Grey |
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| Dark brown |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Black |
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Sapwood Color
Grain
| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Closed |
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| Mottle |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Mottled or streaked figure sometimes |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Wavy |
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| Striped figure |
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Occasionally wavy
Texture
| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Medium |
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| Medium to coarse |
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| Fine |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Non-resistant to marine borers |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Durable |
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Silica Content
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Severe end splitting |
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| Severe surface checking |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Difficult |
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| Variable results. |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is misshapen |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Difficult |
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Carving
Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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Nailing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Difficult to nail |
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Planing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Ease of planing is moderate |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant sapwood |
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| Resistant heartwood |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Heartwood is very resistant |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Responds Readily |
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| Easy to Work |
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| Difficult to machine |
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| Easy to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
Screwing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Turns with moderate ease |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for peeling |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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Strength Properties
| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
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| Toghness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high |
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| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu.ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high |
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| Max. crushing strength = very high |
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| Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 12800 | 19794 | psi |
| Density | | 54 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 2495 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 51 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 7247 | 10350 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2525 | psi |
| Stiffness | 2213 | 2552 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 53 | 46 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 899 | 1391 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 865 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 1131 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 129 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 509 | 727 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 177 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 155 | 179 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 849 | 737 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15
I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27.
Oey Djoen Seng,1964,Specific gravity of Indonesian woods and its significance for practical,use,Communication No.1. Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor, Indonesia
Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols
Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3
Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24
Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6
Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia
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