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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
New Zealand red pine, Red Pine, Rimu
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
New Zealand
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Food containers, Framing, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Moldings, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Railroad ties, Structural work, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia, Malay Archipelago, and Borneo.
Rimu is a native of New Zealand. The species grows throughout the country but by far the major volume is grown on the West Coast of the South Island with only relatively minor volumes scattered throughout the North Island. It is the most widely occurring of all forest trees native to New Zealand.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Black |
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| Purple |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Brown |
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| Pale brown |
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| Light brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Dark brown |
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Regular dark streaks which fade upon exposure
Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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| Light brown |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Even |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Weak (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Striped figure |
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| Weak figure |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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A rich pigment figure is present in the seasoned heartwood. It is highly attractive and can be enhanced with a natural finish
Texture
| Fine |
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| Fine |
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| Uniform |
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| Even textured |
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Luster
Natural Growth Defects
Natural Durability
| Moderately durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Non durable |
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The sapwood has very little or no natural resistance to attack by wood destroying organisms such as Anobium, and is somewhat susceptible to sap stain. The heartwood is durable above ground, but is non-durable when placed in contact with the ground
Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Light-Induced Color Change
Toxicity
| Unspecified toxicity |
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| Respiratory effects |
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Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a moderate speed |
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| UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 |
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| T13-C4S (4/4); T11-D3s (8/4) US |
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| Schedule K (4/4) United Kingdom |
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| Dry at a slow speed |
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Drying Defects
| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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There is a slight tendency for the wood to surface check during drying.
Ease of Drying
Radial = 3.0%
Shrinkage (Green to 12% MC)
Tangential = 4.2%
The timber is reported to air-dry fairly easily with little degrade and can also be kiln-dried from the green condition without too much difficulty.
Volumetric = 6.2%
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is fluted |
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Tree Size
The biggest trees occuring on hill sites, especially in the north
Product Sources
Rimu is widely available in a great variety of sizes in New Zealand. The material is often free of defects or has very little defect, and is highly popular not only for building construction, but for many other purposes. Harvesting of the timber in New Zealand was reduced (1957) as a national forest conservation measure
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory
Blunting Effect
| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
Gluing
| Easy to glue |
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| Very good properties |
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Mortising
| Easy to mortise |
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| Finishes well |
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Moulding
| Good finishing results |
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| Easy to mould |
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Movement in Service
| Stable |
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| Stability is rated as medium |
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The heartwood is very stable, but the sapwood is unstable
Nailing
| Pre-Boring is necessary |
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| Holds nails well |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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| Relatively easy to bore |
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| Generally easy to mortise |
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| Easy to mould |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Sapwood is moderately resistant |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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The sapwood responds fairly well to pressure and diffusion methods of treatment
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges |
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| Difficult to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Routing yields good results |
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| Routing is easy |
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Screwing
| Very good screw holding qualities |
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| Screwing yields good results |
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| Possible if prebored |
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| Poor results |
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| Easy to screw |
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Turning
| Good results |
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| Easy to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
Logs are rotary cut for plywood manufacture, and figured material is sliced for architectural veneers. The pigmented figure present in the seasoned heartwood is highly decorative, and responds rather well to natural finishes
Steam Bending
Painting
Sapwood requires great care since it is dimensionally unstable.
Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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Staining
| Finish is generally good |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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Wood has excellent qualities for natural finish.
Strength Properties
| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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Ow resistance to shock loads, and very low stiffness. Density and weight are medium
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 7246 | 11077 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 578 | 1058 | psi |
| Density | | 36 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 831 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3560 | 5864 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1330 | psi |
| Static Bending | 4057 | 6497 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1129 | 1266 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 167 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | 0.45 | 0.48 | |
| Weight | 35 | 30 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 509 | 778 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 40 | 74 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 576 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 376 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 250 | 412 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 93 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 285 | 456 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 79 | 89 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 192 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.45 | 0.48 | |
| Weight | 560 | 480 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
References
Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]
Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41
Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London
Cockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12
Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1992. Good Wood Handbook - The Wood worker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. HarperCollins Publishers, London
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Lauricio, F.M., Bellosillo, S.B.,1966,Fifth Progress Report on the Mechanical and Related Properties of,Philippine woods,Philippine Lumberman,12(5,p66
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.
Meylan, B.A. and B.G. Butterfield. 1978. The Structure of New Zealand Woods. DSIR Bulletin 222. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Published by Science Information Division, P. O. Box 9741, Wellington, New Zealand.
New Zealand Forest Service. 1957. Forest Trees and Timbers of New Zealand. Bulletin No. 12, New Zealand Forest Service. Compiled under the Direction of A.R. Entrican by H.V. Hinds and J.S. Reid. Governemnt Printer, Wellington, New Zealand.
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Smith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1
Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London
Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.
Ward, W.C. and Reid, J.S.,1949,The properties and uses of Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.2
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