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Blunting Effect
Boring
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities

Scientific Name
Dacryodes buettneri

Trade Name
Adjouaba

Family Name
Burseraceae

Common Names
Adjouaba, Assa-mingoug, Assia, Essassia, Igaganga, Massikou, Mouguengueri, Mouzighou, Musiku, N'sikou, Nkala, Osighou, Osogho, Ossabel, Ossamvegna, Ozigo, Safoukala, Safunkala, Samveien, Tchibudimbu

Regions of Distribution
Africa

Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

Common Uses
Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Tables, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative

Environmental Profile

Abundant/Secure

Secure within its range

Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center

Distribution Overview
Probably in West Africa and mainly in rain forests.

Heartwood Color

Brown

Purple

Black

Red

Yellow

Orange

Greenish to greyish

Pale red to pink

Pale brown

Yellow to golden-yellow to orange

Gray buff

Sapwood Color

Yellow

White

Pink

Red

Same as heartwood

Color not distinct from heartwood

Grain

Interlocked

Distinct (figure)

Figure

Even

Straight

Closed

Interlocked

Distinct figure

Straight

Texture

Medium

Coarse

Fine

Even or uniform

Medium to coarse

Fine to medium

Medium

Coarse

Luster

Low

Medium

Lustrous

Occaisonally lustrous

Natural Growth Defects

Gum ducts in timber

Natural Durability

Very durable

Susceptible to insect attack

Resistant to termites

Non-resistant to powder post beetles

Durable

Moderately durable

Non durable

Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)

Susceptible to marine borer attack

Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present

Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites

Resistant to attack from marine borers

Perishable

Moderately durable

Odor

Has an odor

No specific smell or taste

Silica Content

Likely to have significant impact on machining

Kiln Schedules

Dry at a slow speed

Drying (speed) is fast

Drying Defects

Checking

Splitting

Extension of Existing Shakes

Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying

Fairly Easy

Rapidly

Slowly

End-Coating

Difficult

Easy

Kiln Drying Rate

Naturally dries slowly

Naturally dries quickly

Naturally dries at a moderate speed

Slow

Very slow

Drying rate is slow

Tree Identification

Bole/stem form is straight

Bole/stem form is not buttressed

Bole/stem form is cylindrical

Bole/stem form is buttressed

Tree Size

Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Tree height is 20-30 m

Bole length is 10-20 m

Bole length is 0-10 m

Tree height is 40-50 m

Tree height is 30-40 m

Bole length is 20-30 m

Tree height is 10-20 m

Bark width is 5-10 mm

Bark width is 0-5 mm

Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is a regular source of timber for exportation.

Certified Source

Certified Source

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect

High to severe

Moderate

Blunting effect on machining is severe

Blunting effect on cutting edges may be rather severe.

Boring

Fairly difficult to very difficult

Cutting Resistance

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Easy to saw

Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult

Gluing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Fair to Good Results

Easy to glue

Difficult to glue

A good jointing timber.

Mortising

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Difficult to mortise

Moulding

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Very Good to Excellent Results

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Fair to Good Results

Difficult to mould

Poor moulding results

Movement in Service

Excellent Stability - Small Movement

Shape retention after manufacture is usually good

Nailing

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Fair to Good Results

Easy to nail

Holds nails well

Planing

Fair to Good Results

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Very Good to Excellent Results

Difficult to plane

Planes to a poor finish

Easy to use machine tools

A reduced cutting angle of 15 degrees is suggested to prevent pick-up in planing

Resistance to Impregnation

Resistant heartwood

Resistant sapwood

Permeable sapwood

Heartwood is resistant

Resistant

Heartwood is very resistant

Response to Hand Tools

Easy to Work

Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Easy to machine

Difficult to machine

Routing & Recessing

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Sanding

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Fair to Good Results

Screwing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Poor to Very Poor Results

Very Good to Excellent Results

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Fair to Good Results

Screwing yields good results

Good screw holding properties

Easy to screw

Turning

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Very Good to Excellent Results

Fair to Good Results

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Veneering Qualities

Suitable for peeling

Veneers easily

Suitable for slicing

Veneers moderately easy

There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Suitable for slicing

Suitable for peeling

Moderately easy to veneer

Difficult to glue

Steam Bending

Fair to Good Results

Polishing

Fair to Good Results

Very Good to Excellent Results

Surface Preparation

Good results

Staining

Fair to Good Results

Very Good to Excellent Results

Surface Preparation

Strength Properties

Max. crushing strength = medium

Hardness (side grain) = soft

Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large

Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate

Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large

Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Bending strength (MOR) = high

Shrinkage, Radial = large

Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium

Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low

Max. crushing strength = high

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.

Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large

Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.

Shrinkage, Tangential = large

Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate

Shrinkage, Radial = moderate

Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low

Hardness (side grain) = very soft

Hardness (side grain) = medium

Bending strength (MOR) = very high

Numerical Data

Item	Green	Dry	English

Bending Strength	11139	18938	psi
Density		41	lbs/ft3
Hardness		993	lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength	4911	8383	psi
Shearing Strength		1052	psi
Stiffness	1536	2048	1000 psi
Toughness		270	inch-lbs
Specific Gravity		0.56
Weight	35	28	lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage	5		%
Tangential Shrinkage	7		%
Volumetric Shrinkage	13		%

Item	Green	Dry	Metric

Bending Strength	783	1331	kg/cm2
Density		657	kg/m3
Hardness		450	kg
Maximum Crushing Strength	345	589	kg/cm2
Shearing Strength		73	kg/cm2
Stiffness	107	143	1000 kg/cm2
Toughness		311	cm-kg
Specific Gravity		0.56
Weight	560	448	kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage	5		%
Tangential Shrinkage	7		%

References
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48

Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]

Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1947,Ozigo - Pachylobus bultneri,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.3,pp43-6

Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1955,Quels sont les problemes poses par le deroulage de l'Ozigo,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.44, pp56-7

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department

Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, Canada

France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France

France - C.T.F.T.,1961,Resultats des Observations et des essais effectues au CTFT sur Ozigo,C.T.F.T.,Information Technique, No.77

France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12

France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 Leaflets

Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102

Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data

I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting

ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.

Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEEC

Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T

Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23

Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.

Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7

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