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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Dacryodes igaganga Trade Name Adzum Family Name Burseraceae Common Names Adzum, Antaga, Assas, Bamisa, Beuhago, Bosao, Boso, Diganga, Eben, Esasia, Eyemedoime, Geyeumeyume, Ibagho, Iganga, Kisafou, Mokoba, Onumu, Orumu, Osa, Osegou, Ossabel, Ossamvegne Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Zaire Common Uses Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Piling, Pulp/Paper products, Toys, Turnery, Veneer Heartwood Color Red Yellow Orange Pink Brown Purple Pale red to pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Whitish Sapwood Color White Yellow White to yellow Pink/Red Paler than heartwood Grain Even Closed Interlocked Straight Wavy Wavy Straight Interlocked Texture Medium Fine Coarse Fine to medium Luster Medium Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Very durable Resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable The heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Durable Silica Content Moderate silica contact Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Checking Distortion Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Slowly Kiln Drying Rate Very slow Naturally dries slowly Drying rate is slow Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 10-20 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Gluing Easy to glue Movement in Service Stable Nailing Holds nails well Easy to nail Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Moderate working qualities Screwing Screwing yields good results Easy to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Veneering Qualities Easy to cut There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for peeling Steaming required to prepare bolts Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10510 16340 psi Density 38 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5780 8614 psi Shearing Strength 1939 psi Stiffness 1512 1745 1000 psi Weight 37 30 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 738 1148 kg/cm2 Density 608 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 406 605 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 136 kg/cm2 Stiffness 106 122 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 592 480 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, Canada France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7