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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Dialium spp. Trade Name Dina Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Dina, Eyoum, Ikom, Indziba, Keranji, Medzire, Mfang, N'tiele, Omurong, Ziba Regions of Distribution Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Cameroon, China, Congo, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Thailand, Uganda Common Uses Boat building (general), Charcoal, Flooring, Fuelwood, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Paneling, Railroad ties, Tool handles Heartwood Color Purple Red Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Reddish brown Dark brown Sapwood Color White to yellow Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Closed Stripe (figure) Rippled (figure) Distinct (figure) Wavy Interlocked Striped figure Rippled figure Wavy Distinct figure Texture Coarse Medium Fine Medium to coarse Medium Fine to medium Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Yellowish deposits in vessels Whitish deposits in vessels Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from marine borers Very durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Drying Defects Splitting Checking Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Difficult Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Boring Moderately easy Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Difficult to glue Nailing Easy to nail Planing Planing is rated as moderate Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is very resistant Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Turning Good results Easy to turn Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Hardness (side grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = very high Density (dry weight) =53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 75+ lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 17765 25707 psi Density 57 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2396 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 8243 11507 psi Shearing Strength 1391 psi Stiffness 2141 2478 1000 psi Weight 56 49 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1249 1807 kg/cm2 Density 913 kg/m3 Hardness 1086 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 579 809 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 97 kg/cm2 Stiffness 150 174 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 897 785 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Ferreirinha, M.P.,1955,Catalogo des Madeiras de Mocambique (pt 1,Min. do Ultramar Junta Invest. do Ultranar Memorias Serie Botanica, 2 Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry Board Pettroff, O., et al,1971,Caracteristiques papetieres d'une foret tropicale heterogene la zone,forestiere d'edea au Cameroun,C.T.F.T.,France Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T. Sekhar, A.C.,1955,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods,Indian Forest Records (ns Timber Mechanics,1(3,pp69-72 Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia