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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities

Scientific Name
Dicorynia guianensis

Trade Name
Basralocus

Family Name
Leguminosae

Synonyms
Dicorynia spruceana


Wood Image 1

Wood Image 1

Common Names
Angelica, Angelica do Para, Angelique, Angelique batard, Angelique blanc, Angelique franc, Angelique gris, Angelique rouge, Angélique blanc, Angélique bâtárd, Angélique gris, Angélique rouge, Bara karoeballi, Barakaroeballi, Barakaruballi, Basra locus, Basra loksi, Basralocus, Basralokus, Bastard locus, Bois angelique, Dobono-so, Kabakally, Kieereoe, Kiejere-oe, Kierou, Sienga pretoe, Siengdia apeto, Siengdia peto, Sienxa pretoe, Singapetou, Sinngapetou, Tamoene-kereoe zand locus, Tapaiuna, Teck de Guyane, Teck de la Guyane

Regions of Distribution
Latin America

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Charcoal, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Crossties, Decks, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Naval architecture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Planks, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shipbuilding, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction

Environmental Profile
Status has not been officially assessed


Distribution Overview
Abundant in eastern Surinam and western French Guiana where it may make up 10% of the forest stands.  Best growth on deep, loamy, well-drained soils of lowland plains but also found in wet areas.

Heartwood Color
Brown
Red
Purple
Reddish brown
Brown
Purple
Greenish to greyish
Red
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
White to cream
Pale red to pink
Pale brown
Dark brown


Sapwood Color
Red
Green/Grey
Different than heartwood
Clearly differentiated from the heartwood
White to yellow


Grain
Straight
Figure
Interlocked
Distinct (figure)
Stripe (figure)
Closed
Even
Rippled (figure)
Wavy
Weak (figure)

Straight
Interlocked
Distinct figure
Striped figure
Weak figure
Wavy
Rippled figure
Moderately to severely interlocked

Vessels appear as prominent long brown lines on side grain, producing an attractive figure

Texture
Medium
Coarse
Medium
Medium to coarse
Coarse


Luster
Medium
Low
Lustrous
Pronounced

The wood has an unusual subsurface luster

Natural Durability
Very durable
Durable
Resistant to termites
Susceptible to insect attack
Resistant to powder post beetles
Resistant to attack from marine borers
Very durable
Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Durable
Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

The heartwood is rated as resistant to very resistant to attack by decay fungi, resistant to marine borer attack, but somewhat susceptible to attack by dry-wood termites.

Odor
Has an odor
No specific smell or taste


Silica Content
Severe
Moderate to severe
Moderate to severe
Likely to have significant impact on machining
Contains significant silica (up to .25% of dry weight)


Toxicity
Unspecified toxicity


Kiln Schedules
Dry at a slow speed
Slow
Drying (speed) is fast
Drying (speed) is fast
Moderate
Dry at a moderate speed
T2 - B2 (4/4) US/T2 - B2 (4/4) US
Slow
Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow
Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow


Drying Defects
Checking
Collapse
Distortion
Moderate surface checking
Moderate end spitting
Slight twist/warp
Moderate collapse and honeycombing
Slight surface checking
Slight spring/bow
Severe end splitting
Severe collapse and honeycomb
No surface checking
No end splitting
Moderate twist/warp
Slight cupping
Severe cupping
No twisting or warping
No cupping, generally
Expect moderate spring and bow degrade

There is a tendency toward moderate checking and slight warping during drying

Ease of Drying
Slowly
Thick Stock Requires Care
Requires special attention
Moderate
Difficult
Easy
Dries at a fairly rapid rate


Kiln Drying Rate
Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)


Tree Identification
Bole/stem form is buttressed
Bole/stem form is straight
Bole/stem form is cylindrical


Tree Size
Tree height is 60-70 m
Tree height is 50-60 m
Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm
Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Bole length is 20-30 m
Bole length is 30-40 m
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Tree height is 40-50 m
Tree height is 30-40 m


Boles are well-formed and clear of branches to 60 to 80 feet (18 to 24 m).

Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber in some areas. The timber is exported in low quantities.

Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect
Moderate
High to severe
Blunting effect on machining is severe
Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe
Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe

Blunting effect can be severe depending upon silica content.

Boring
Fairly difficult to very difficult


Carving
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Cutting Resistance
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult
May require specially tipped cutters
Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate


Gluing
Easy to glue
Moderate gluing properties
Very good properties


Mortising
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Moulding
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Movement in Service
Small
Medium
Stability is good


Nailing
Pre-Boring Recommended
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Holds nails well
Easy to nail
Difficult to nail
Satisfactory nailing properties
Pre-boring recommended


Planing
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Easy to plane
Easy to use machine tools

Machining characteristics are dependent upon density and silica content but the timber is rated as generally easy to work. Dry wood may require specially tipped cutters for best results

Resistance to Impregnation
Resistant heartwood
Resistant sapwood
Heartwood is very resistant


Resistance to Splitting
Poor


Response to Hand Tools
Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work
Responds Poorly
Variable qualities
Easy to machine
Difficult to machine


Routing & Recessing
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Screwing
Difficult to screw
Easy to screw


Turning
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Veneering Qualities
There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting
Diifficult to veneer


Painting
Good results


Polishing
Fair to Good Results
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Good results
Poor results


Staining
Finish is generally good


Varnishing
Good results


Strength Properties
Max. crushing strength = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Density (dry weight) =53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Hardness (side grain) = hard
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low


Numerical Data
ItemGreenDryEnglish
Bending Strength1170917838psi
Density50lbs/ft3
Hardness1295lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength63159459psi
Shearing Strength1781psi
Stiffness195222841000 psi
Toughness148inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load1215inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity0.58
Weight4938lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage4%
Tangential Shrinkage8%
Volumetric Shrinkage13%
ItemGreenDryMetric
Bending Strength8231254kg/cm2
Density801kg/m3
Hardness587kg
Maximum Crushing Strength443665kg/cm2
Shearing Strength125kg/cm2
Stiffness1371601000 kg/cm2
Toughness170cm-kg
Work to Maximum Load0.841.05cm-kg/cm3
Specific Gravity0.58
Weight785608kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage4%
Tangential Shrinkage8%

References
Bena, P.,1960,Essences Forestieres de Guyane,Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais Guyana

Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research

Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.

Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1978,Angelique (Dicorynia guianensis,Bois et Forets des Tropiques No.178 pp17-18

Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London

Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140

Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department

Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO

Findlay, W.P.K.,1938,The Natural Resistance to Decay of some Empire Timbers,Empire Forestry Journal,17,pp249 - 259

France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12

France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT

France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France

Horn, E.F.,1948,Teredo Resistant Timbers of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(93,pp35-40

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting

Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory

Kukachka, B.F.,1958,Angelique (Dicorynia gwanensis,USA Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Foreign Wood Series No.1787

Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125

Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4

Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207

Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press

Record, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. Press

Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London

Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil

Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T

Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23

Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.

Surinam Forest Service,1952,Surinam Timber - A Summary with brief descriptions of the main timber,species of Surinam,Surinam Forest Service

T.R.A.D.A.,1982,Timbers for river and sea constructions,TRADA Wood Information Section 0, Sheet 6

Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4

Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.

U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72

Vink, A.T.,1965,Surinam Timbers,Surinam Forest Service Paramaribo,3rd rev. ed.

Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190

Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16

Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85

Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13









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