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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Dinizia excelsa Trade Name Angelim vermelho Family Name Leguminosae Common Names Angelim, Angelim carvao, Angelim falso, Angelim ferro, Angelim pedra, Angelim pedra verdadeiro, Angelim vermelho, Angelim-pedra, Faveira grande, Faveira preta, Kuraru, Parakwa Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Construction, Cooperages, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Stair rails, Stairworks, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Truck bodies, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Grows in the Curua-Una Experimental Station and along the Tapajos river in the Para state, and in the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondonia, Amapa, and Roraima in Brazil. May also grow in the Guianas. Heartwood Color Brown Black Green/grey Reddish brown Light reddish brown Faint streaks occasionally Sapwood Color White Yellow Reddish gray Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Figure Interlocked Even Straight Other (figure) Interlocked Straight Other figure Texture Fine Medium Medium coarse to coarse Coarse Wood has distinct growth rings. Luster Medium Slightly lustrous Lustrous Natural Durability Durable Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Non-durable Perishable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to termites Very durable Durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack by dry-wood insects High resistance to attack by decay fungi and termites Odor No specific taste May have a slightly disagreeable smell when green Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Distortion Checking Material may collapse during drying Distortion (twist/warp) is likely Checking Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Requires care to minimize degrade Dries very slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 0-10 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber is occasionally produced from the species. Export of the material is irregular. The timber is imported from Brazil into China and Japan. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect High to severe Fairly severe blunting effect on cutters Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Rather high resistance to cutting because of high density Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results High density makes wood difficult to plane and work Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results Satisfactory results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Max. crushing strength = very high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 17038 23623 psi Crushing Strength 1378 1523 psi Density 53 lbs/ft3 Hardness 3020 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 9318 12886 psi Shearing Strength 2405 psi Stiffness 2525 2845 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.75 Weight 73 51 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1197 1660 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 96 107 kg/cm2 Density 849 kg/m3 Hardness 1369 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 655 905 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 169 kg/cm2 Stiffness 177 200 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.75 Weight 1169 817 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Brazil -, I.B.D.F.,1980,Woods from Tucurui - characteristics and application,The Ag. Ministry Brazilian Institute for Forest Development Brazil-Ministerio do Interior,1979,Pesquisas e Informac†ces sobre especies florestais da Amazonia,Dept. de Recuros Naturais Centro de Tecnologia Madeireira Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France. Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem Brasil Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Slooten, H.J. van der, et al,1962,Caracteristicas anatomicas y propiedades fisico-mecanicas de algunas,especies maderables de Brasil,Inst. Forstal Lat-Am. de Invest. y Cap. Merida Venezuela Boletin,10,pp39-93 Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.